0-0-0 Triple O (or 0-0-0) is: * 000 emergency, the Australian emergency telephone number * Queen-side castling in chess notation 0-0-1-3 0-0-1-3 is an alcohol abuse prevention program developed in 2004 at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base in 2004 based on research by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism regarding binge drinking in college students. The program served as the model for the Air Force's Culture of Responsible Choices (CoRC) program. A 0-0-1-3 program was also implemented by the senior administration of the United States Naval Academy in response to a string of alcohol-related incidents that generated a large amount of negative publicity during the 2005-2006 school year. Its primary aim there is to "promote responsible alcohol use" within the brigade of midshipmen, which it accomplishes by rendering the consumption of alcohol for recreational and social purposes virtually impossible. Explanation of the name A Midshipman is subjected to a random breathalyzer test A Midshipman is subjected to a random breathalyzer test 0-0-1-3 stands for: * 0 underage drinking offenses * 0 drinking and driving incidents (DUI's) * 1 drink per hour * 3 drinks per occasion The three drink cap is the part of 0-0-1-3 that has contributed the most to its massive unpopularity among the brigade, as it is designed to ensure that no midshipman is able to achieve a blood alcohol content level above the Maryland legal driving limit of .08. Enforcement While the senior leadership at the Academy insists that 0-0-1-3 is only a guideline for responsible alcohol use, its enforcement has been tantamount to a campus-wide alcohol inquisition involving mandatory breathalyzer tests for all midshipmen regardless of age or rank. Those found in "violation" of 0-0-1-3 (evidenced by having a BAC above .08) are placed on record as having alcohol abuse issues, and repeat offenders are subject to severe administrative conduct action. 0-2-4 A 0-2-4, in the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has one driving axle and two unpowered trailing axles. It is an unusual wheel arrangement and the only known example was Earl of Airlie of the Dundee and Newtyle Railway. 0-3 0-3 is the landline emergency telephone number used in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus (and possibly elsewhere in the CIS) for summoning emergency medical service. Even if an ambulance is not otherwise marked with other logo such as Star of Life or red cross they will prominently display this telephone number. As of 2007, the 03 telephone number is in process of being replaced with 103 in some countries/regions, with plans to be eventually displaced by 112 in future. 0-4-0+0-4-0 A 0-4-0+0-4-0, in the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, is a Garratt articulated locomotive. It features no leading or trailing wheels at either end, having only two sets of four driving wheels. A similar arrangement exists for Mallet and Meyer locomotives, but is referred to as 0-4-4-0. Other equivalent classifications are: UIC classification: B+B (also known as German classification and Italian classification) French classification: 020+020 Turkish classification: 22+22 Swiss classification: 2/2+2/2 The first Garratt locomotive, K1, one of two 2 ft (610 mm) gauge TGR K Class locomotives built in 1909, has this wheel arrangement and has been restored to operating condition at the Welsh Highland Railway. This arrangement proved one of the less popular Garratt types, since most Garratt locomotives were larger and more powerful, requiring more pairs of driving wheels to operate within the normal axle load limits, and because leading wheels gave more stability and better tracking to allow faster speeds.[1][2] In total, 32 Garratts of this type were constructed, seven by Garratt patent holder Beyer, Peacock mostly for industrial use, and 25 by other builders. Twenty of the latter were for the C.F. Vicinaux du Mayumbe in the Belgian Congo, built to a 600 mm (1 ft 11? in) gauge; this was the largest user of the type. Survivors In addition to K1, industrial Beyer-Garratt William Francis, built in 1937, is preserved at the Bressingham Steam Museum. 0-4-4 In Whyte notation, an 0-4-4 is a railroad steam locomotive that has four coupled driving wheels followed by four trailing wheels, with no leading wheels. This type is often called a Forney, after Matthias N. Forney, and is characterized by the truck under the coal bunker/water tank. Other equivalent classifications are: UIC classification: B2 (also known as German classification and Italian classification) French classification: 022 Turkish classification: 24 Swiss classification: 2/4 0-4-6 An 0-4-6, in the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, is a locomotive with no leading wheels, four driving wheels fixed in a rigid frame, and six trailing wheels (normally mounted in a trailing truck). Examples of this type of locomotive were built by Wilhelm von Engerth. Other equivalent classifications are: UIC classification: B3 (also known as German classification and Italian classification) French classification: 023 0-8-2 An 0-8-2, in the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, is a locomotive with no leading wheels, eight driving wheels (4 axles) fixed in a rigid frame, and two trailing wheels (normally mounted in a trailing truck). Other equivalent classifications are: UIC classification (also known as German classification and Italian classification): D1, French classification: 041, Turkish classification: 45, Swiss classification: 4/5. North America The 0-8-2 was not a common wheel arrangement. In North America, its use was confined to 2-8-2 "Mikado" types assigned to switcher roles; the lead truck was often removed to give more weight on drivers, a guiding truck not being needed at slow speed. United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, a number of tank locomotive designs were built of the 0-8-2 type, including the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) R1 class, designed by Henry A. Ivatt and built originally for the Great Northern Railway as their class L1. These locomotives were intended for suburban passenger service, but did not prove satisfactory, so they ended up on freight service. Other examples include the LNWR 1185 Class and the Port Talbot Railway's Cooke 0-8-2T and Sharp Stewart 0-8-2T. Narrow gauge railways The 0-8-2 arrangement proved a little more popular on narrow gauge lines, where (due to slow operating speeds) its lack of leading wheels was less important. 0-8-2 locomotives operate, for example, on the Zillertalbahn in Austria, and on the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway, a miniature railway in England's Lake District. 0-8-6-0 An 0-8-6-0, in the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, is a locomotive with no leading wheels, eight driving wheels (4 axles) fixed in a rigid frame, six driving wheels (3 axles) and no trailing wheels. Six locomotives with this wheel arrangement were built by Kitson & Co. as Kitson Meyers for the Transandine Railway, three of which survive today. 00 00 may refer to: * 00 Agent, an agent with a license to kill in the James Bond media * 0-0, notation for kingside castling in chess * 00 gauge, a standard of model railways * Mobile Suit Gundam 00, an anime series * 00, a common international call prefix * 00, a wire diameter defined by the American wire gauge standard * 00, a field on the wheel of some roulette game tables * 00, a unique squad number, notably worn by Martin Biron in the NHL as well as Jim Otto and Ken Burrough in the AFL 003˝: The Adventures of James Bond Junior 003˝: The Adventures of James Bond Junior is a 1967 James Bond spin-off novel carrying the Glidrose Productions copyright. It was first published in the United Kingdom by the Jonathan Cape publishing company in 1967 and later in 1968 in the United States by Random House. The novel was written under the pseudonym R. D. Mascott; the real name of the author to this day has never been officially revealed by the current owners of the Ian Fleming Estate (i.e., Ian Fleming Publications a.k.a. Glidrose) or EON Productions (Danjaq), who owns the screen rights to the novel. Although the novel is based around a character who is the nephew of James Bond, in Ian Fleming's own novels Bond in fact was an only child and indeed an orphan, however, unbeknownst to agent 007 he does have a son as told in You Only Live Twice. In 1966 Harry Saltzman announced a television series about a ten year old who fought SPECTRE that could have been based on 003 1/2 but nothing became of it. 003˝: The Adventures of James Bond Junior is considered a failed attempt at launching a youth-oriented line of fiction aimed at 8 to 14 year olds. A moderately successful television series by the same name was launched in 1991, produced by EON Productions / Danjaq. The success of the show spawned numerous novelisations, a video game, and comic books. Unrelated to 003˝, Ian Fleming Publications began publishing a successful youth oriented line of Young Bond adventures featuring James Bond as a teenager in the 1930s beginning in 2005. Although an officially licensed spin-off from the James Bond series, its place within the canon of the books - if any - has never been established. To this day it has never been confirmed who wrote 003˝: The Adventures of James Bond Junior, although many authors have been named as possibilities such as Roald Dahl and Kingsley Amis. Amis is usually seen as completely bogus since a year later he released Colonel Sun under the pseudonym Robert Markham, however, unlike R. D. Mascott, Amis's authoring of Colonel Sun was never a secret. Amis's writing style is also not similar to Mascott. Roald Dahl on the other hand does share some similarities specifically with one book he wrote in 1975, Danny, the Champion of the World. Coincidentally, in 1967, Roald Dahl completed the screenplay for You Only Live Twice for EON Productions, the same year 003˝: The Adventures of James Bond Junior was published. Although there is evidence to suggest Dahl may have written 003˝, there is equally as much evidence to suggest he didn't. One author that has recently been identified as a possibility is Arthur Calder-Marshall who wrote a number of similar books especially in style and his descriptions of characters and environments in his books The Magic of My Youth (1951) and The Scarlet Boy (1961). It has also been suggested that the initials R. D. are a play on the name Arthur, which is typically shortened to Artie. Other writers that have been named as possibilities but tend to be rejected, include Peter Fleming (Ian's brother) and Nichol Fleming (Peter Fleming's son and Ian's nephew). Plot summary The plot follows James Bond Junior while he tries to uncover bank robbers in Hazely Hill. He and Sheelagh Smith, his "girlfriend" follow the clues of this mystery, but the information is given to the Commander of the police when James is injured. The Commander ultimately gets the credit for solving the case and threatens James if he says anything. 007 Racing 007 Racing is a racing game based on the James Bond licence. It was developed by Eutechnyx, published by Electronic Arts, and released on November 21, 2000 exclusively for the PlayStation console system. This game marks the seventh appearance of Pierce Brosnan's James Bond; the game included his likeness but not his voice. In 007 Racing the player takes on the role of British secret agent Commander James Bond behind the wheel of some of his most famous vehicles from the then-current 19 official films. Cars include the Aston Martin DB5 made famous in its initial appearance in Goldfinger, the Lotus Esprit from The Spy Who Loved Me and For Your Eyes Only, and the BMW Z3 that briefly appeared in GoldenEye as well as 7 other automobiles. Each car is equipped with all the usual gadgetry and weapons issued by Q, the Quartermaster of a special branch of MI6 referred to as Q-Branch. 007 Racing is often compared to the 1983 video game Spy Hunter because of the weapons, gadgets, and the goal of destroying your enemies on the road. Gadgets and weapons Most of the gadgets and weapons in 007 Racing are inspired by the James Bond films, specifically Goldfinger, The Spy Who Loved Me, and The Living Daylights. Reception The game did not get a very positive response with a Metacritic rating of only 51. Also the game got 5.3 from GameSpot. 00:00:1998 (album) 00:00:1998 is the third studio album from rock singer Kim Kyung Ho, released on Samsung Music in 1998. Track listing 1. Shout 2. Fly High To Follow Your Dreams 3. Grief of Farewell 4. The Name That I'd Call Out With My Last Breath 5. The Declaration Of Conscience 6. Unfulfilled Love 7. The Castle of Eternity 8. Exodus 9. Vesuvius 10. My Love, Even in the Heavens 11. Higher to the Top 010 010 is the tenth album from Japanese Punk Techno band The Mad Capsule Markets. This album proved to be more commercial and more techno-based than Osc-Dis, with heavily synthesized songs like Introduction 010 and Come. Founding member Kojima Minoru played guitar on Good Day, and Wardance is cover of a song by UK post punk industrial band Killing Joke. Track listing 1. "Introduction 010" – 3:08 2. "Come" - 4.00 3. "Chaos Step" – 3:19 4. "Gaga Life" – 3:58 5. "Jam!" – 4:08 6. "Kumo" (? -Kumo-, Cloud?) – 5:48 7. "Wardance" – 3:33 8. "XXX Can of This" – 3:18 9. "Bit Crusherrrr" – 3:07 10. "This is the Mad Style" – 0:32 11. "Good Day" – 3:47 12. "Fly High" – 3:51 13. "No Food, Drink, or Smoking" – 2:43 14. "R.D.M.C" – 4:23 Info on songs: XXX can of This had a different meaning, and most people didn't understand what the song was about. It was later explained that the song was about Cannabis ('can of this' sounding like Cannabis when said faster) it is uncertain if they were told to change the lyric like they did on P.O.P and HUMANITY. UK Edition came with the OSC-DIS video, and most of the tracks were re-engineered. Year 2001 Album 010 Chart Official Japanese Album Charts Position No. 5 01011001 01011001 is the seventh studio album by Arjen Anthony Lucassen's long-running Ayreon project. "01011001" is the binary form of the number 89, which is the ASCII code for the letter Y. 01011001 's plot is tied to the "Planet Y" and "Forever of the Stars" storyline developed in the albums Into the Electric Castle, Universal Migrator and The Human Equation. 17 singers in total (including Arjen himself) contribute to the album[1]. Of these, only Anneke van Giersbergen, Floor Jansen, and Arjen himself have sung on previous Ayreon albums: Anneke on Into the Electric Castle, Floor singing backing vocals on The Dream Sequencer, and Arjen on every Ayreon album, except Flight of the Migrator. Plot The CD follows two storylines: The first is a sequence of songs that tells the story of the Planet Y and the "Forever of the Stars". The second storyline is a set of independent songs that narrate us the life of several people on our Planet Earth. Disc 1 - Y Age of Shadows The album's story begins with Forever lamenting for their home planet, Y. One Forever (Tom Englund) tells that "We never saw this coming", while others (Steve Lee and Daniel Gildenlöw) say that they depended on machines to evolve, machines that now "Blot out the sun". Another two Forevers (Hansi Kürsch and Floor Jansen) point out that as a result of extensive mechanisation, they have lost all of their feelings and emotions, whilst two further Forever have no hope (Jonas Renkse and Anneke Van Giersbergen) for the future, saying that they are prisoners and that they wait for no one. Soon after, a new Forever (Jřrn Lande) joins Steve's and Daniel's Forevers. Comatose This song is a conversation (sung) between Anneke's and Jřrn's Forevers. While Anneke's Forever maintains that there is no need to feel anything, whilst Jřrn's Forever wants to be released from his comatose state (hence the name of the song) in order to have emotions and feelings once again. Liquid Eternity In this song, three Forever (Jonas, Daniel and Bob Catley) recall how their homeworld was before the machines, before their succession into mechanised beings ("Once a world, endless and free/eternal and blue/of fear and dismay"). Another Forever appears (Magali Luyten), remembering the "Liquid Eternity" which the Forever inhabited. Tom's Forever asks if they would prefer a mortal life, if they would prefer the pain, the peril, the life they've learned to dread. Jřrn's Forever is losing his reason to live and Floor's ask if they want to destroy "All they have achieved". Connect the Dots This is the first song that differs from the Forevers storyline, for it narrates the story of one of the normal people living on Earth. The protagonist is an average middle-class worker (Ty Tabor), who narrates one of his days in the form of song. The song describes how wasteful the protagonist is, preferring to drive by himself to work, buy fast food, and overuse his air conditioning. The protagonist is also portrayed as disconnected from his family and as someone who downloads torrents, presumably illegally. The chorus of the song explains that "we all know" what is wrong, yet do not correct our ways as "we are living for today" without heed. Although Lucassen has his own character on track 11, Mr L, he sings with Tabor during the chorus, not as his character but as the middle-class worker's conscience. Beneath the Waves 1. "Beneath the Waves" 2. "Face the Facts" 3. "But a Memory..." 4. "World Without Walls" 5. "Reality Bleeds" This returns to the Forever narrative with, Daniel's, Bob's, Anneke's, Floor's, Steve's, Jřrn's and Tom's Forever still remembering how it was to live on their old planet, without frontiers, without walls, in their "Kingdom of the free". During the second part (Face the Facts), Hansi's and Anneke's Forevers arouse the others to act, understanding that their future is black and there is no way back. Yet, the other Forevers still linger in their memories. Newborn Race 1. "The Incentive" 2. "The Vision" 3. "The Procedure" 4. "Another Life" 5. "Newborn Race" 6. "The Conclusion" While Floor's Forever wants to come back "To when we lived another life", Daniel's Forever thinks, looking for a way to continue living but reviving their past. Tom's Forever suggests to "Explore the vastness of space", Jonas' say they should try, for their life is passing by, and Bob's Forever advises the use of their seeds. While Hansi's Forever hopes that their DNA one day will reach a world, Jřrn's Forever question himself and the others about the fact of creating and destroying life. Jonas' Forever rushes the other, Bob's Forever rely on the absolute control, but Jřrn's Forever doesn't believe that they will stand a chance. In the end, Jřrn's Forever is persuaded of doing this, and Daniel's Forever cries that they have found a way "To awaken the nation that’s died". Ride the Comet The preparatives for the seeds' departure are done. Jřrn's, Floor's, Tom's, Jonas' and Bob's Forever wishes luck to the "Little extremophiles" to reach a planet riding a comet. Magali's Forever says the seeds need to pass on their genes, to "Sail uncharted spheres", to "Journey on the Migrator trail" (see Flight of the Migrator for a complete story). Web of Lies This is the second song that differs from the Forevers' storyline. This song narrates the story of Simone (Simone Simons) and PX (Phideaux Xavier), two internet-dating service users who fall in love. Simone is much more passionate. Knowing that PX is the one for her, she is suffering for him, and she can't sleep. Eleven days after, PX replies, telling that he has already seen Simone's pics, that she looks great. He also feels alone, believing that fate united them, for he thinks they match. However, by the time PX replies, Simone has moved on, saying that "OL" is the one. It has been verified by Arjen Lucassen that "OL" refers to Simone's current boyfriend, Oliver Palotai. This is the third song Arjen Lucassen writes criticizing the massive and excessive use of computers. The first is "Computer Reign (Game Over)" from The Final Experiment and the second is "Computer Eyes" from Actual Fantasy. At the beginning of the song, below the modem and ambient sounds, the song "Valley of the Queens" (from the album Into the Electric Castle) can be heard. Disc 2 - EARTH The Fifth Extinction 1. "Glimmer of Hope" 2. "World of Tomorrow Dreams" 3. "Collision Course" 4. "From the Ashes" 5. "Glimmer of Hope (Reprise)" Forevers are happy and hopeful for their plan, relying on its success to live again like they lived in the past. Suddenly, Tom's Forever encounters (sees from Planet Y) the perfect planet to plant the seeds. Steve's Forever suggests to remove any kind of dangerous life to their precious DNA, Daniel's Forever supports this idea arguing that they have waited far too long, but Jřrn's Forever, again, question the fact of annihilate life, not being their right. Meanwhile, Bob's and Hansi's Forever rejoice on this news. Tom's Forever sees that the dangerous life forms were mere reptiles (dinosaurs), "A lower form of intelligence", but Jřrn's Forever still replies asking what makes the superior to kill other beings, even pointing out that doing this won't make them better. Eventually, the comet crushes the Earth, killing the dinosaurs and spreading a cloud of smoke and ashes. Jonas' and Hansi's Forevers note that this planet is "Bare and cold", but Tom's, Daniel's, Bob's, Steve's, Floor's and Jřrn's Forevers recomfort them, as they see the smoke rising and the sky brightening. Floor's Forever pushes to "Enter the next stage". Daniel's Forever ends the song concluding that "The die is cast, we are alive". Waking Dreams The title of the song makes reference to the time when the humans, already formed from the comet's seeds, haven't awakened. Jonas' Forever initiates some processes on the seeds' minds ("We'll fuel your minds") to insert colors, sensations, emotions, etc. Anneke's Forever tells the seeds to stay calm as they insert these processes, to "Sail the stream as I dance upon the waves, of a waking dream as it passes you by". Jonas' Forever tells them to "Live the dream we have been dreaming". The Truth is In Here This is the third song differing from the Forevers storyline. This time, the protagonist is Mr. L (Arjen Lucassen), a mentally ill man in an asylum and his nurse (Liselotte Hegt). Mr. L has had a weird dream several nights, showing him visions of the future world, warnings of man's demise, amazing flights through the stars, a life beneath the waves and cold machines rising from the deep. His nurse's reaction to the revelations is one of indifference, asking him if he has taken his meds, to relax, wondering if he feels okay, even suggesting an increase in the dosage of his medication. Soon after, Mr. L, who reveals that they have spoken to him on the dreams, claims that "The truth is out there/is in here", but his nurse ask "Why should we believe you?" and forces him to take another pill. In the end Mr. L is scared, yelling that they are all clones, while the nurse calms him, assuring that they are alone. In the verses, Mr. L alludes to previous Ayreon albums: The first verse describes the experiences of the character Ayreon in The Final Experiment, the second includes lines from Into the Electric Castle suggesting that Mr. L is the Hippie from that album, and the third verse appears to allude both to The Human Equation and other songs on 01011001. The "L" on Mr. L refers to "Lucassen", as he is the new prophet promised by Merlin and foreseen by Ayreon. Unnatural Selection Returning to the Forevers storyline, Tom's Forever notes that humans must be helped to evolve faster, to expand their minds and upgrade their knowledge. Steve's Forever argues that this will lead the to their demise; they mustn't make the same mistake twice, for they are alive thanks to machines while lacking souls. Tom's doesn't change his mind, for he sees mankind dying due to diseases; neither Steve's Forever, who claims consequences as overpopulation and a great consummation. On the other hand, Bob's and Jřrn's Forevers admire this new life form, while Hansi's Forever points "Don’t want to live in a world that’s dying, I want to die in a world that’s living!". Now Bob's and Steve's Forevers discuss about how the humans have used the gifts Forevers gave, such as science (to make bombs), reason (to burn the planet), art (to create nuclear weapons), insight (to degrade and enslave), wisdom (to destroy everything at their reach) and language (to put the world in disarray). Finally, they ask "We gave them dreams, and what did they dream?". In the end, Jonas' Forever suggest to put an end to this decay, to save the lives they have wrecked. In the middle of the song, five speeches can be heard, pronounced by John F. Kennedy, Al Gore, George H. W. Bush, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Winston Churchill. River of Time Bob's and Hansi's Forevers analyze the possibilities to save mankind, concluding that there are chances to save them. They will send visions of wars and decay to mankind to shape the present, alter the past, and create a new future. E=MC2 This is the fourth and last song that differs from the Forevers storyline. A 21st century scientist (Wudstik) receives the visions from the Forevers ("It all came to me in the wake of a dream") and decides to send projections to the past, thanks to the knowledge that the visions brought. His companion, another 21st century scientist (Marjan Welman) points that this is the last chance for man to survive. The answer is to break the E=MC2 equation (the mass-energy equivalence, derived from Albert Einstein). Their first attempt is a failure, but the second cannot allow any mistake. The song ends with a distorted clip of the end of The Final Experiment, with the voice of Merlin saying "The outcome of the Final Experiment has now been placed in your hands" followed by the ticking of a clock. The Sixth Extinction 1. "Echoes on the Wind" 2. "Radioactive Grave" 3. "2085" 4. "To the Planet of Red" 5. "Spirit on the Wind" 6. "Complete the Circle" Returning to the Forevers, Tom's Forever says that now all will be decided, Steve's Forever says that it's the end of man's evolution. All Forevers see the suffering of mankind, the screams and wailing, the fear and failure, the death and hurt, the wrath, fires and sirens, all caused by nuclear weapons, by radiation, by gamma waves, by a "Scorching sea of fire". Jonas' Forever declares that all that they have feared is confirmed in the year 2085, their dreams and hopes disappeared (see The Dream Sequencer, track 3 for a complete story). But Bob's Forever yells to rise from hell, to free their brains, while Steve's Forever calls to restore the balance. Daniel's Forever claims that they have regained their will to fight and calls to remember all they have learned. Jřrn's Forever recalls to resolve this Human Equation, to give it a try and now yelling: "Stop the machines, prepare to die". They see how the last man alive suffers on the Planet of Red (Mars, see The Dream Sequencer for a complete story), and, knowing he won't survive, they give him the Dream Sequencer. In the end, all Forevers make a summary of the things they have done, waiting to complete the circle, praying the Migrator Soul to restore their lives. Track listing Disc # Title Writer Composer Time One - Y 1. "Age of Shadows" * incl. We Are Forever Arjen Anthony Lucassen 10:47 2. "Comatose" 4:26 3. "Liquid Eternity" 8:10 4. "Connect the Dots" 4:13 5. "Beneath the Waves" * I. "Beneath the Waves" * II. "Face the Facts" * III. "But a Memory..." * IV. "World Without Walls" * V. "Reality Bleeds" 8:26 6. "Newborn Race" * I. "The Incentive" * II. "The Vision" * III. "The Procedure" * IV. "Another Life" * V. "Newborn Race" * VI. "The Conclusion" 7:49 7. "Ride the Comet" 3:29 8. "Web of Lies" 2:50 Two - Earth 1. "The Fifth Extinction" * I. "Glimmer of Hope" * II. "World of Tomorrow Dreams" * III. "Collision Course" * IV. "From the Ashes" * V. "Glimmer of Hope (reprise)" 10:29 2. "Waking Dreams" 6:31 3. "The Truth Is In Here" 5:12 4. "Unnatural Selection" 7:15 5. "River of Time" 4:24 6. "E=MC2" 5:50 7. "The Sixth Extinction" * I. "Echoes on the Wind" * II. "Radioactive Grave" * III. "2085" * IV. "To the Planet of Red" * V. "Spirit on the Wind" * VI. "Complete the Circle" 12:18 Personnel Vocalists Forever In the booklet, each of these vocalists is represented by a symbol. * Hansi Kürsch (Blind Guardian, Demons & Wizards) (Celtic cross) * Daniel Gildenlöw (Pain of Salvation) (®) * Tom S. Englund (Evergrey) (Lightning bolt) * Jonas Renkse (Katatonia) (Inverted Pentagram) * Jřrn Lande (ex-Masterplan, ARK) (Crow) * Anneke van Giersbergen (Agua de Annique, ex-The Gathering) * Steve Lee (Gotthard) * Bob Catley (Magnum) (Pinwheel) * Floor Jansen (After Forever, Star One) * Magali Luyten (Beautiful Sin, Virus IV) (Crescent) Man * Simone Simons (Epica) as Simone, an internet-dating service user. * Phideaux Xavier as PX, an internet-dating service user. * Wudstik as a 21st century scientist, preparing The Final Experiment. * Marjan Welman (Elister & Autumn) as a 21st century scientist, preparing The Final Experiment. * Arjen Anthony Lucassen as Mr. L, a mentally ill man in an asylum. * Liselotte Hegt (Dial) as the mentally ill man's nurse in the asylum. * Ty Tabor (King's X, Platypus) as an average middle-class worker, with an average family. Instrumentalists * Arjen Anthony Lucassen - Guitar, keyboards, synths, bass guitar, programming * Ed Warby (Gorefest) - Drums and percussion * Lori Linstruth (ex-Stream of Passion) - Guitar solo on "Newborn Race" * Michael Romeo (Symphony X) - Guitar solo on "E=MC2" * Derek Sherinian (Planet X, Billy Idol, Yngwie Malmsteen, ex-Dream Theater) - Keyboard solo on "The Fifth Extinction" * Tomas Bodin (The Flower Kings) - Keyboard solo on "Waking Dreams" * Joost van den Broek (After Forever) - Piano and Keyboard solo on "The Sixth Extinction" * Jeroen Goossens (Flairck) - Flutes * Ben Mathot (Dis) - Violins * David Faber - Cellos 0114 (UK dial code) The 0114 Dialing Code covers the whole of Sheffield other than the Fox House area, in addition to the Killamarsh area of North East Derbyshire and the Aston, Aughton, Treeton and Ulley areas of Rotherham. 01 (album) 01 is the second album by Son of Dave. Track listing 1. Devil Take My Soul 2. Rollin’ And Tumblin’ 3. Down On You 4. Red Afro 5. She’ll Hold Her Breath 6. You Don’t Have To Go That Far 7. Beautiful Babies 8. Hip Harp 9. Good For Your Soul 10. Mojo 01 Communique 01 Communique is a Canadian technology company based in Mississauga, Ontario. The company develops integrated communications software and services. 01 Communique specializes in providing remote access to information stored on a Desktop PC over the Internet. Generally this is referred to as PC remote access software or PC remote control software. Company History 01 Communique was founded in 1992 [4] to provide businesses and consumers with all-in-one communications software. The company’s first release was a fax program called 01 Fax. Its next release would be the COMMUNICATE! series, unified communications software combining fax, e-mail, voice mail, text recognition, and paging capabilities. The company’s focus switched to PC remote access and PC remote control software in the late 1990’s. In 2000, the company filed for U.S. and Canadian patents related to the technologies they have invented and used in their commercial software. US Patent #6,928,479 and #6,938,076 were awarded in August 2005. On March 8, 2000, 01 Communique began trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) under the trading symbol ONE. The company had been previously trading on the Canadian Dealing Network. Lawsuit Against Citrix In February 2006, 01 Communique launched a patent infringement lawsuit against Citrix Systems alleging infringement of U.S. Patent No. 6,928,479. The lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court, Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division. Products Current * I'm InTouch - software for remotely accessing and controlling a computer. * I'm OnCall - remote help desk software. * COMMUNICATE! - Unified communications software. Discontinued * 01 Fax Partnerships * In 2001, 01 Communique signed an ISV alliance agreement with Research In Motion (RIM) to increase the interoperability between I'm InTouch and RIM's wireless email software. * In 2002, a partnership was announced with Hitachi Business Solution to localize I'm InTouch for sale in Japan. 01 level 01 level is the term used in naval services to refer to the deck above the main deck. The next higher decks are referred to in increasing the number to the 02 level, the 03 level, and so on. Although these are formally called decks, they are usually referred to as levels, because they are usually incomplete decks that span from stem to stern and to athwartships. 02 Panic Room 02 Panic Room is a single by progressive rock band Riverside. It was released on June 15, 2007, and 02 Panic Room is the first single from the album Rapid Eye Movement, which was released October 8, 2007. This release features four tracks, and was released on the large prog rock label InsideOut Music. The single continues with the more raw and heavy feel, as first seen on Second Life Syndrome. The third track, Back To The River, borrows the "Syd's Theme" motif from Pink Floyd's, Shine On You Crazy Diamond, featured at the 4:32-mark. Track listing 1. 02 Panic Room – 3:54 2. Lucid Dream IV – 4:34 3. Back To The River – 6:30 4. 02 Panic Room (Remix) – 3:23 032c 032c magazine is an English-language, bi-annual contemporary culture magazine that covers art, fashion, and politics. The publication's name refers to a Pantone color code; in the Pantone Matching System, 032c refers to a bold red. The magazine was founded in Berlin in 2000 by Joerg Koch and Sandra von Mayer-Myrtenhain, who invite both leading and emerging creatives to collaborate around a single theme for each issue. Past contributors include Matthew Barney, Hedi Slimane, Daido Moriyama, Juergen Teller, and Rem Koolhaas/OMA. The fashion section has featured stories by Steven Klein, Inez Van Lamsweerde, Fabian Baron and Alasdair McLellan. i-D magazine considers 032c to be “dedicated to the celebration of ideas,” French Vogue has referred to it as a “revue ultra-pointue,” and the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung has called the magazine “the Berlin magazine that propagates an aesthetic of brutal elegance.” According to the New York Times, “the magazine fuses art and architecture, literature, urban studies in ways that can make one forget how depressing a visit to a newsstand has become.” 032c has been exhibited at the London Design Museum, Colette (Paris), GAS (Tokyo), The Pineal Eye (London) and the 3rd Berlin Biennial, and has received much acclaim for its design and editorial scope, having been awarded one of Germany’s Lead Awards for National Visual Lead Magazine in 2006. The magazine's new design layout in 2007 became a hotly debated issue in the fashion and media world, and a term, "the new ugly," sprung up around the aesthetic phenomenon. In 2008 032c was awarded the German media award Lead Magazine of the Year. 0340 (television program) 0340 was a television program hosted by Patricia Paquin, Élyse Marquis and later by Katherine-Lune Rollet, on Radio-Canada. 0340 broadcasted weekday afternoon programming for kids and pre-teens such as cartoon and soaps. 03 (Son of Dave album) 03 is the fourth album by Son of Dave and was released on the 7th April 2008. Track listing 1. Your mercedes (intro) 2. Old times were good times 3. Nike town 4. Lover not a fighter 5. Low rider 6. Hellhound 7. I’m not your friend anymore 8. Your Mercedes 9. I just wanna get high with you 10. Squat that rabbit 11. Roller boogie Singles 1. 'Old times were good times' with the B-side, 'So Good, So Wrong', released in March 2008. 03 (album) 03 is the third album by Nottingham-based project Twelve. The album is entirely instrumental and is influenced by German Krautrock. Track listing 1. wolken 6:35 2. escher 7:20 3. traum 5:50 4. zirkel 4:55 5. mensch 2:40 6. hoch 4:54 7. rausch 4:57 8. himmel 1:15 9. ecken 4:30 10. treppe 4:55 Catalogue Numbers Saturday Night Sunday Morning Records snsm 03 numbers 03 numbers are non-geographic telephone numbers that were announced by UK communications regulator, Ofcom, in February 2007, with allocation starting in March 2007. They are formally known as UK-wide numbers and have been introduced as an alternative to 08 numbers, such as 087x and 084x numbers. 03 numbers offer the same benefits as all non-geographic numbers; including call divert, call queuing and call statistics. Call costs Unlike 08 numbers, 03 numbers cost the same to call as geographic landline numbers (starting 01 and 02), even from a mobile phone. They are also included as part of inclusive call minutes and discount schemes from all major mobile phone and landline operators. The practise of revenue sharing (where the dialled party receives a share of the cost of the call) is not permitted with 03 numbers (unlike 08 numbers). Cost comparisons Number range Mobile call cost 03 Inclusive or at geographic rate 0800 20-20p/min 0844 20-55p/min 0845 20-30p/min 0870 20-29p/min 0871 35-50p/min Number ranges There are a range of numbers available for use by specific people or organisations: * 030 numbers (0300 - 0309) - specifically designated for public bodies and not-for-profit organisations. * 033 numbers (0330 - 0339) - available for any person, business or organisation. * 03 migration numbers (034x, 037x) - only available for migration from an existing 08 number or range (084x and 087x). 03 numbers in healthcare In December 2006, Lord Norman Warner sent a letter to all Primary Care Trust Chief Executives drawing attention to the Central Office of Information guidance on telephone numbering, which suggested that healthcare providers consider adopting an 03 telephone number so that people "do not have to pay over the odds to contact their local services". Since then, there has been much discussion in the media about the use of 0844 numbers in the healthcare sector, mainly due to the costs incurred by people who have to dial these numbers as the primary form of contact with their local healthcare services. Health Secretary Alan Johnson has also publicly advocated the use of 03 numbers. Windsor Telecom has also published the first ever 0300 number guide for the healthcare sector. 04 04 may refer to: * The year 2004, or any year ending with 04 * The month of April * The number 4 * 04 (album), an album by Six By Seven * Madden 2004 * The number of the French department Alpes-de-Haute-Provence 04092001 04092001 is a collaborative live album between Merzbow (Japanese noise musician Masami Akita) and Japanese experimental doom band Boris, released on Inoxia Records in 2004. It was recorded on 4-9-2001 at Milk Tokyo. It is limited to 500 copies on heavy weight vinyl with a dark silver cover. Though Boris' official site and most other sites name the two sides as "Side A" and "Side B," it's clear this recording consists of live renditions of five songs from Heavy Rocks accompanied by Merzbow's noise arrangements. Track listing Side one 1. "Side A (Heavy Friends, WaReRuRide, Koei)" - 15:36 Side two 1. "Side B (Death Valley, Dyna-Soar)" -15:24 Pressing History Year 2004 Label Inoxia Records Format LP Country Japan Out Of Print? Yes Notes Ltd. 500 040 TA Ouest The 040 TA was an 0-8-0 tank engine of the Chemin de Fer de l'État. [edit] Overview The series of 143 engines were built between 1914 and 1922, with a break during World War I. These were designed to replace the 030 0-6-0 shunting engines. The 0-6-0 engines possessed a traction force of 40 tons, while the 0-8-0 were designed to have a traction force of 60 tons. It was in 1913 that the research department of the Chemin de Fer de l'État began to study the question of a replacement. The first 18 engines, numbered 40-001 to 40-018, were put into service in 1914. The war prevented the construction of the rest of the series, and just two engines, 40-019 and 40-019, were built. Construction resumed in 1920 and the full series of 143 engines was put into service by 1922. The engines were assigned to the depots of Paris-Vaugirard, Montrouge, Batignoles, Sotteville (Rouen), Le Havre, Dieppe, Trappes, Chartres, Caen, Cherbourg, St-Brieuc, Brest, Nantes, Rennes and La Rochelle as well as industrial railways and harbours. When the SNCF was formed, the series was renumbered 040 TA 1 to 040 TA 143. Design The 040 were of simple expansion with two cylinders and possessed a Crampton firebox and Walschaërts type commands. There were variants in cabs and several open cabs, others, closed. the water tanks on each side of the firebox possessed a sloping front and gave the driver additional vision and permitted him to see if workmen were on the track in front of the engine. A replacement for the 040 was difficult to design as diesel transmission could not cope with slow and long starts. 04 (album) 04 was Six By Seven's fourth album, released in 2004, and the first on their own Saturday Night Sunday Morning Records label after being released from Beggars Banquet. It was also their first after bass player Paul Douglas left the band and found them trying to capture their sound - which had been recorded live in the studio on the The Way I Feel Today - as a three piece. Track listing 1. "Untitled" – 4:48 2. "Sometimes I Feel Like..." – 4:56 3. "Ready For You Now" – 5:14 4. "Ocean" – 5:02 5. "Say That You Want Me" – 4:29 6. "Lude I" – 1:32 7. "There's A Ghost" – 4:32 8. "Catch The Rain" – 4:30 9. "Bochum (Light Up My Life)" – 4:50 10. "Lude II" – 3:27 11. "Leave Me Alone" – 10:19 12. "Hours" – 2:11 04 Concert 04 Concert is a Twins album which was released in January 2004. There are two discs altogether. The first disc contains 10 songs and the second one contains 15 songs. CD Content Disc 1 1. Medley: "Ni Jiang Ni Ai Wo" / "Qian Jin" / "Ming Ai An Lian Bu Xi She" 2. "Beautiful Day" 3. "Girls" (featured by Boy'z) 4. "Si Xing Bu Gai" (featured by Twins and Boy'z) 5. "La La Shi Jie" (featured by Boy'z) 6. "Bian Bian Bian" 7. "Xia Yi Zhan Tian Hou" (featured by Charlene Choi) 8. "Wo De Ba Ba Ma Ma" (featured by Gillian Chung) 9. "Da Lang Man Zhu Yi" 10. Kids Medley: "Indians –Bingo Little Ducks" / "Stars If You" / "Do Re Me" Disc 2 1. "Xian Ru Wei Zhu" (featured by Twins and Deep NG, Ho-hong) 2. "Tao Yan" (??) (featured by Deep NG, Ho–hong) 3. "Yan Hong Hong" 4. "Duo Xie Shi Lian" 5. "Ming Ai An Lian Bu Xi She" 6. "Yin Ge" 7. "Luan Shi Jia Ren" 8. "Nu Xiao Nan Sheng" 9. "Lian Ai Da Guo Tian" 10. Medley: "Ai Qing Dang Ru Xun" / "Er Ren Shi Jie Bei" 11. Medley: "Xia Ru Kuang Hua" / "Show Up" / "Ling Si Hao Wan" (?4??) 12. "Feng Zheng Yu Feng" 13. "You Yi Di Yi" 14. "Wo Men Di Ji Nian Ce" 15. "Ichiban Xin Fen" 05 05 may refer to: * The year 2005, or any year ending with 05 * The month of May * The number 5 * FIFA 05 * Madden 05 * The number of the French department Hautes-Alpes 055 Brigade The 055 Brigade was an elite guerrilla organization sponsored and trained by Al Qaeda that was integrated into the Taliban army between 1995 and 2001. It comprised mostly foreign guerrilla fighters from the Middle-East, Central Asia and South-East Asia whom had some form of combat experience, either fighting the Soviet invasion during the 1980s or elsewhere. They were equipped with weapons left behind by the Soviets, as well as those provided by the Sudani and Taliban governments. The Brigade was also the beneficiary of Al Qaeda's worldwide network of procurement officers who obtained sophisticated equipment including satellite phones, night vision goggles, and even airplanes. Reports from Time magazine indicate that members of the 055 Brigade were often deployed in smaller groups to help reinforce regular Afghan members of Taliban. This was often achieved via threats or intimidation designed to enforce discipline and a commitment to the mujahedin philosophy. Estimates on the strength of the 055 Brigade vary, however it is generally believed that at its peak it comprised somewhere between 1,000 and 2,000 personnel. The 055 Brigade suffered heavy losses during the 2001 war in Afghanistan and many were captured by the United States. Those that survived retreated with Osama bin Laden to the Afghanistan-Pakistan border area where they regrouped with the intention of waging a protracted campaign. 05:22:09:12 Off 05:22:09:12 Off is an album by Industrial/EBM group Front 242. It was released by Sony on 2 November 1993 (see 1993 in music). The album's title is a simple substitution cipher for the word "evil"; where each letter is represented by its equivalent numerical position in the alphabet. The album was unusual in that it primarily features a female voice, that of Christine Kowalski, on vocals, with Jean-Luc De Meyer only appearing on a few tracks. Track listing 1. "Animal (Cage)" 2. "Animal (Gate)" 3. "Animal (Guide)" 4. "Modern Angel" 5. "Junkdrome" 6. "Serial Killers Don't Kill Their Girlfriend" 7. "Skin (Fur coat)" 8. "GenEcide" 9. "Crushed" 10. "offEND" 11. "Animal (Zoo)" 12. "Serial Killers Don't Kill Their Boyfriend" 13. "Happiness (More angels)" 14. "Crushed (Obscene)" 15. "Melt (Again)" 16. "Speed Angels" 06 06 may refer to: * The year 2006, or any year ending with 06 * The month of June * The number 6 * 06 (film), a 1994 film by Theo van Gogh * FIFA 06 * Madden 06 * The number of the French department Alpes-Maritimes 06/05 06/05, called May 6th in English-speaking countries, is a Dutch 2003 film directed by Theo van Gogh, based on the novel De Zesde Mei by Tomas Ross. The film is a fictional version of the events that led to the assassination of the Dutch politician Pim Fortuyn on May 6, 2002. The lines between reality and fiction are blurred in 06/05. It is the last film of Theo van Gogh, who was murdered in 2004 by Mohammed Bouyeri. Based on the book by Thomas Ross, the film is van Gogh’s version of events leading to the assassination of popular Dutch politician Pim Fortuyn in 2002. Awards * Thijs Römer, 2005 Golden Calf award for Best Actor. * Official Selection, 2005 Toronto International Film Festival 060 060 may refer to: * Motorola 68060 microprocessor * 0-6-0, wheel arrangement for railway locomotives * emergency telephone number in Mexico, "060" * Bermuda, country code "060" (ISO 3166-1 numeric) * 060, the area code for Chimay in the Belgian telephone numbering plan 061502 061502 is a live concert DVD of Botch's final show at The Showbox in Seattle. It has two discs, one for the Concert DVD which includes 14 songs with bonus commentary, and a video for "Saint Matthew Returns To The Womb", and other bonuses. The CD is the audio from the DVD. Track listing DISC ONE 1. St. Mathew Returns to the Womb 2. C. Thomas Howell as the "Soul Man" 3. John Woo 4. Japam 5. Oma 6. Frequency Ass Bandit 7. Thank God for the Worker Bees 8. Framce 9. Third Part in a Tragedy 10. Rock Lobster (B-52's Cover) 11. Transitions from Persona to Object 12. To Our Friends in the Great White North 13. Hutton's Great Heat Engine 14. Man the Ramparts (Feat. Ben Verellen and all of Playing Enemy) DISC TWO 1. St. Mathew Returns to the Womb [DVD] 2. C. Thomas Howell as the "Soul Man" [DVD][Live] 3. Hutton's Great Heat Engine [DVD][Live] 4. Oma [DVD][Live] 5. Frequency Ass Bandit [DVD][Live] 6. Transitions from Persona to Object [DVD][Live] Credits * Ed Brooks (Mastering) * Josh Graham (Editing) * Josh Graham (Authoring) * Matt Bayles (Engineer) * Matt Bayles (Mixing) * Brian Cook (Liner Notes) * Brian Cook (Group Member) * Ben Verellen (Guest Appearance) * Dave Verellen (Group Member) * Demian Johnston (Guest Appearance) * John Pettibone (Vocals (Background)) * John Pettibone (Lighting) * Andrew Gormley (Guest Appearance) * Shane Mehling (Guest Appearance) 06:21:03:11 Up Evil 06:21:03:11 Up Evil is an album by Front 242, released in 1993. Miscellanea * F is the 06th letter of the alphabet * U is the 21st * C is the 03rd * K is the 11th * Up Evil = Upheaval Track listing 1. "Crapage" 2. "Waste" 3. "Skin" 4. "Motion" 5. "Religion" 6. "Stratoscape" 7. "Hymn" 8. "Fuel" 9. "Melt" 10. "Flag" 11. "Mutilate" 12. "(S)Crapage" 13. "Religion (Pussy Whipped mix)" Track 12 & 13 on CD version only. 07 07 may refer to: * The year 2007, or any year ending with 07 * The month of July * The number 7 * FIFA 07 * Madden 07 * Cricket 07 * A song by Vladimir Vysotskiy * The number of the French department Ardčche 070796 Live 070796 Live is a live album by Earth. Track listing 1. "070796" – 22:21 2. "Dissolution III (Oversaturated Intervallic Collisions)" – 14:03 3. "Dexamyl" – 18:31 4. "070796 (Reconstruction By James Plotkin)" – 13:32 Credits 1. Dylan Carlson 2. Adrienne Davies 3. Ian Dickson 4. James Plotkin 07 Ghost 07-Ghost is a fantasy manga by Yuki Amemiya and Yukino Ichihara. It is currently serialized in the monthly magazine Monthly Comic Zero Sum published by Ichijinsha. Four compilation volumes have been released. A drama CD has been released in 2007, known as Kamisama ni Todoku Koibumi. The manga has been licensed by Go! Comi for release in North America Summary Teito Klein is a former slave sent to attend the Barsburg Empire's military academy thanks to his ability to use Zaiphon (a type of magic). The ability is rare, and thus highly prized. Teito is an amnesiac and doesn't remember anything of his origins -- what he does learn of his past comes from his recurring and often traumatizing dreams. After a year at the academy, the graduation exam comes along; it's notoriously difficult, with a pass rate of only twenty in five hundred. Teito and his only friend, Mikage, pass easily. That night, in their shared dorm room, they each promise to help the other at any cost. The next day, Teito is delivering papers to a professor when he overhears his name. He stops to listen, and realizes that the speaker, a man named Ayanami, is the man who killed his father in his dreams. Teito is found eavesdropping and tries to attack his father's murderer. He's quickly brought down by one of Ayanami's subordinates and sent to prison. Mikage comes to help him escape, only to find out that Teito managed to fight past the guards by himself. The two flee the building, and when they're caught on a balcony, Teito pretends that he's holding Mikage hostage. He threatens loudly to kill him, but to Mikage he whispers, "We'll always be best friends, right?" After Mikage replies "Of course," Teito jumps off the balcony onto a waiting hawkzile (a kind of flying motorcycle) to escape. Ayanami notices Teito trying to escape and sends a Zaiphon attack after him, which Teito manages to partly deflect. The injury eventually weakens him and he loses control of his hawkzile, sending it crashing into another. Luckily for Teito, the man on the other hawkzile is a bishop in the nearby 7th District, and brings him to the church to recuperate. Since at this point Teito is in chains, the bishop, Frau, mistakes him for a slave and comments that if Teito had been a soldier in the Imperial army, he would have killed him immediately. Thanks to the law of "sanctuary", Teito can stay in the church without fear of the Empire or Ayanami. It's later revealed that Teito carries the Eye of Mikhail, the powerful artifact that his home country, the Raggs Kingdom, was ransacked for. The tragic death of a loved one catapults him into his quest for revenge against the Barsburg Empire, and knowledge about his past, all while he gets caught up with the Gods, Verloren, and the 7 Ghosts. Zaiphon Zaiphon is the "magic" of 07-Ghosts's world; Zaiphon is the ability to convert a life source into various forms of energy. It's mainly controlled by writing words in the air with your hands, though people do use weapons with Zaiphon. Those who can use it are a rare kind of human being and thought of as blessed by God. Every user's capabilities are different, and in many cases, reflect their nature. Zaiphon is generally categorized into three types: * Healing Zaiphon: People with this type of Zaiphon are able to heal wounds and share their Zaiphon with others/ transfer their Zaiphon to others. A character who primarily uses this Zaiphon is Labrador. * Offensive Zaiphon: Those with this kind of Zaiphon have the ability to attack their enemies and protect themselves from attacks directed to them. Teito or Frau are examples of characters who primarily use the offensive branch. * Manipulation Zaiphon: This type is really quite special and rare. For example, those with Manipulation Zaiphon are able to move things (like a flower) at will. A character who has this branch is Castor. There is also a variety of weapons used to manipulate Zaiphon, the most commonly known being the bascule. With the bascule, you can attack Kor. However, the healing branch cannot directly attack a Kor, but it can restrict and remove it from a person. The offensive branch is different and attacks a Kor outright. Even so, according to Castor in chapter 10 you can learn how to use the different branches of Zaiphon. 07-Ghosts and Verloren According to a centuries-old myth, the God of Death Verloren committed a crime in the heavens and was forced to escape to the earth. As a result, the hearts of people were invaded by this evil god and they slipped into despair. Lamenting over their suffering, the Chief of the Heavens dispatched seven heavenly lights in order to punish the evil Verloren. Called the "The Seven Ghosts", they are said to have sealed the detestable Verloren on this earth and are the guardians of the Empire. Mothers tell their children that if they're naughty, the Seven Ghosts will come to take them away. Since Verloren has been sealed away, his messenger goes out to people and makes contracts with people to bring them under his influence. If a contract is made, a mark appears on the person's chest. This is known as Verloren's curse, and makes one's heart be eaten by darkness. The 07-Ghosts work is to fight against Verloren and his curse, and try to stop contracts from being fulfilled. Only the Bishops can remove Verloren's curse, in a complicated ceremony. Actually, the 07-Ghosts are humans with such extraordinary Zaiphon abilities that they are considered to be blessed by God. Even lesser known is the fact that each of the 07-Ghosts have died. Frau, Castor and Labrador are the only three revealed so far, and they all should have the mark of their ghost on their hand. The Ghosts' names are Zehel, Feist, Profe, Landokalche, Lirekt, Aea, and Fiattaak. Even though Verloren had been sealed away in Pandora's Box for over 1000 years, as the series progresses he is freed and once again begins to invade the hearts of men. The Three Dreams When a person is given a life from the Chief of the Heavens, they are told that over the course of their life, they will have three dreams to complete. When all of the dreams are granted, your soul will be once again called back to the chief and be reincarnated. However, when you're born you don't remember the dreams you chose, and finding them out is said to be the joy of life. There are evil beings that want to interfere with this process; among them are the Kor, who steal the dreams and drag humans into darkness. When a human comes under a Kor's power, the first dream is granted, but the person's heart becomes unstable and unable to be satisfied no matter what one does. When the second is started, the person falls into a state of starvation, or addiction. When the third dream is granted by the Kor, the soul has indulged in too much darkness and will forever be unable to go back to the Chief of the Heavens. The Kor then takes the body to increase its number of comrades waiting for their master Verloren's return. A possessed body with all three dreams fulfilled by the Kor is called a Wars. It is the duty of the church to protect people from the Kor, so because addiction isn't easily removed, there is a correction center where people are helped to overcome themselves. There are cases when a Kor may grant a wish that is not one of the three dreams, but it upsets the equilibrium and the Kor also may also get punished for it. The Eyes of Mikhail and Raphael A set of 'eyes' embedded into a person's hand, they allow the Gods Mikhail and Raphael to descend into their host's body for a limited time. The eyes are undetectable until the God possesses their host's body, in which case the host's eye colour usually changes and they have godlike prowess with Zaiphon. The royal family of the Kingdom of Raggs had the Eye of Mikhail and the Barsburg Empire had the Eye of Raphael. A pact was established between both countries never to search for the other's eye, though it was broken by the Empire ten years prior to the story's start. Characters Main characters Teito Klein (Teito Kurain) Voiced by: Saiga Mitsuki The hero of the story. A former slave captured by the Barsburg Empire and considered to be the military academy's star pupil. His homeland is the former Kingdom of Raggs, and he was raised as an orphan in a church. It is later revealed that Teito had been entrusted with the Eye of Mikhail when the Empire invaded his home country, and he is the son of the former king of Raggs. At the start of the manga, Teito makes a promise with his best (and only) friend, Mikage, that they would die together. Unfortunately, Mikage gives up his life to save Teito from the Empire. Teito, shaken, swears revenge even though Mikage told him not to. At the 7th District Church he starts studying to become a priest, so he can gain a priest's advantages on his way to revenge -- free room and board in any inn in the Empire, and less stringent inspections at borders. However, along his way he gets mixed up in the affairs of the Gods because of the Eye of Mikhail, and this eventually brings him grief. Teito has a slave tattoo on his back from when he was first captured, and wears a slave collar around his neck, put there by Ayanami. However, Frau accidentally invoked a blood contract with the collar and became Teito's master. The collar will explode if he gets separated from Frau, the collar's master, for over 48 hours. His birthday is the 1st of December, his blood type is O, he's 159 cm tall and weighs 43kg. His favorite food is macaroni gratin, his favorite drink is melon soda, and his favorite color is sky blue. Mikage (Mikage) Teito's best friend, he comes from a family of stewards. Despite the fact that his closeness with Teito makes him a target of ill will, he remains a bright and cheerful person. When his soul is taken by Ayanami and he dies, he begs Teito not to look for revenge, but instead to keep on walking towards the light. This shakes Teito's beliefs, because Mikage was his 'light'. Later, Mikage becomes reincarnated as a small pink dragon (called Burupya) so he can protect Teito, no matter what form. His birthday is the 3rd of March, and his blood type is O. He is 167cm and weighs 51kg. His favorite food is yakisoba bread, and his favorite color is orange. Frau (Furau) Voiced by: Suwabe Junichi A perverted Bishop, he saves Teito's life when Teito falls from his hawkzile. He is the member of the 07-Ghosts known as 'Zehel'. He finds Burupya for Teito and accidentally becomes Teito's 'Master' when he attempts to remove Teito's slave collar and invokes a blood contract. This collar gives Frau the ability to command three things of Teito: bind, sleep and pain. For all his teasing, Frau also keeps Teito's spirits up with impromptu pep-talks. Because of this, Teito sometimes makes associations between Frau and his late 'Father'. Frau also has a good relationship with Hakuren, having taken him on as his 'porn disciple'. His relation with Ayanami is as of yet unknown. Frau is the only Ghost who can wield a scythe, yet this scythe is revealed to Ayanami's. Frau was adopted by the church and became Bastian's disciple when he was caught in the large scale 'thief subjugation' across the empire. All of his friends died, and he didn't believe in God, but nevertheless he was so powerful with Zaiphon that it was rumored he was a child blessed with God's strength. While Frau was a wild child, constantly getting into trouble, he and Bastian ended up having a good relationship. His blood type is A. He's 190cm tall and weighs 84kg. He has a cross-shaped tattoo on the small of his back. Frau's favorite food is meat, and his most hated food is mice. His favorite color is black. Castor (Kasutoru) Voiced by: Chiba Susumu Another bishop, he is the one that convinces Teito to take the exam to enter the priesthood. The training he puts Teito through is vigorous and often involves his 'dolls', life-sized puppets he controls with Zaiphon. One of the 07-Ghosts, he is 'Feist'. His birthday is the 24th of December and his blood type is AB. He's 180cm and weighs 68kg. His hobby is making dolls. Labrador (Raburado-ru) Voiced by: Miyata Kouki A bishop whose hobby is gardening, he gives Teito a flower of protection at the start of the manga. He later gives Teito a drink made from sweet flowers to heal his 'wounds of the heart'. An omake has confirmed that he is the one of the 07-ghosts, known as 'Profe'. He's 170cm tall and weighs 50kg. His bloodtype is B. Hakuren Oak (Hakuren O-ku) Voiced by: Fukuyama Jun Teito's roommate at the church and, at first, his self-proclaimed rival for the priesthood exam. He wants to become a priest in order to help his ailing mother. He worships Frau for saving his mother from a Kor and also seems to have become his 'porn disciple'. Teito and Hakuren grow close enough for Teito to tell Hakuren he'll be friends with him when he's strong enough to protect him. They end up becoming partners in the priesthood exam. His birthday is the 15th of October and his blood type is A. He's 167cm tall and weighs 50kg. Ayanami (Ayanami) Voiced by: Hayami Shou The main antagonist. He is the man that killed Teito's 'Father' and seeks the Eye of Mikhail, though he seems to also be searching for 'Zehel'. His relationship with the 07-Ghosts is unknown, but he seems to be working for Verloren. It has been revealed that Ayanami is the owner of Frau's scythe, however, how his scythe came into Frau's possession is still unknown. His favorite colour is white, he is 178cm tall and weighs 57kg. Mikhail A god that possesses Teito's body through the Eye of Mikhail. When in control of Teito's body, Teito's eyes go red and slit-pupiled. He is very fond of Teito, and is put out by the slave collar that limits his strength. Though insanely powerful, he tends to act like a petulant child and often makes undignified faces when talking with the Bishops. Minor characters Miroku The chairman who had Teito as his favorite student. He is 182cm tall and weighs 75kg. Shuuri Oak (Shuri O-ku) A student from the prestigious Oak family, he often bullies Teito because he was a slave. During the final exam, Teito saves his life even though he has a grudge against him. Later, through connections with his father, he becomes a subordinate to Ayanami. Because Konatsu saved hims life, he has developed somewhat of a crush. His birthday is the 3rd of February and his bloodtype is B. He's 165cm tall and weighs 47kg. His favorite thing is himself and his most hated nemesis is Teito Klein. "Father" Fea Cloist (Fea Kuroitsu) Originally only known as "Father" to Teito, he took Teito into a church and raised him. When Teito was a child, he taught him many things, including the majority of the church's writings. Fea Cloist was excommunicated from the Church shortly after Teito left, for escaping with Pandora's Box. He was 178cm tall and weighed 70kg. Jio (Jio) An old Bishop at the church with one scarred eye. He is the leader of the seven Bishops and suspects spies in the church. Bastian (Basutin) A high-ranking priest, he oversees the teaching of acolytes (people who will take the exam to become a priest). He was Frau's teacher in the past, and is his most important person. Hyuuga (Hyu-ga) One of Ayanami's subordinates. He refers to Ayanami as 'Aya-tan'. His birthday is the 8th of July and his bloodtype is A. He's 187cm tall and weighs 80kg. Konatsu (Konatsu-Wo-ren) Hyuuga's subordinate, he often gets exasperated at Hyuuga for failing to do his work. Recently, he also has to put up with Shuuri, who idolizes him. Kuroyuri (Kuroyuri) The youngest of Ayanami's subordinates, he often goes on missions with Haruse. His birthday is the 25th of September and his bloodtype is O. He's 152 cm tall and weighs 37kg. Haruse (Haruse) Kuroyuri's subordinate, and often accompanies Kuroyuri on missions. Lance (Ranse) The Bishop who organizes the priesthood exam and oversees it. He considers Frau his rival. 07 Vestur 07 Vestur is a Faroese football club, located in Sandavágur, playing in the second tier of Faroese football. History The club was founded on 18 December 1993 as FS Vágar as a merger of Vágar island teams MB Miđvágur and SÍF Sandavágur in order to increase the football standard of this part of the Faroe Islands. SÍ Sřrvágur, also located on Vágar, joined the club in 1998. Soon, the newly-found club promoted to the national top league, then called 1. deild, in 1995. Unfortunately, the team was not able to permanently secure a top-tier spot over the years. In 2003, FS Vágar was relegated for good. Soon upon that, The alliance between the three founding clubs began to crumble, and Vágar was eventually disbanded in the fall of 2004. Despite the controversy, many people wanted to keep the club alive and, if this was not possible, found another club. So, on 8 November 2004, the club was re-founded as FS Vágar 2004 (FSV04). In fall 2007, talks about a merger between FSV04 and SÍ Sřrvágur, one of the members of the first incarnation of the club, started and eventually were successfully concluded on 6 November 2007. The club was renamed to its current name, 07 Vestur, shortly afterwards. The new name refers to both the founding year of the new club and the location of Vágar island, which is approximately 7° W. The club currently maintains two men's teams and also a women's team. The first team recently accomplished promotion to Formuladeildin 2009. 07 zg?os' sie; 07 zg?os' sie; (07 come in) is a very successful Polish criminal TV series. Directed by Krzysztof Szmagier, it centers around the investigations of Police (Milicja Obywatelska) lieutenant S?awomir Borewicz, played by Bronis?aw Cies'lak. The series has 21 60-minutes Polish language episodes, divided into 5 seasons - as the series was filmed in 1976, 1978, 1981, 1984 and 1987. 07th Expansion 07th Expansion is a Japanese do-jin circle that specializes in the creation of visual novels known as sound novels. They started out drawing for the trading card game Leaf Fight, but they are most famous for creating the do-jin game series Higurashi no Naku Koro ni. Their most recent release is Umineko no Naku Koro ni released on August 17, 2007. Members * Ryukishi07 — Screenplay, illustrations * Yatazakura — Scripting, also Ryukishi07's younger brother * BT — Homepage management Works Higurashi no Naku Koro ni Onikakushi-hen — August 10, 2002 (Comiket 62) Watanagashi-hen — December 29, 2002 (Comiket 63) Tatarigoroshi-hen — August 15, 2003 (Comiket 64) Himatsubushi-hen — August 13, 2004 (Comiket 66) Meakashi-hen — December 30, 2004 (Comiket 67) Tsumihoroboshi-hen — August 14, 2005 (Comiket 68) Minagoroshi-hen — December 30, 2005 (Comiket 69) Matsuribayashi-hen — August 13, 2006 (Comiket 70) Higurashi no Naku Koro ni Rei (fandisc) — December 31, 2006 (Comiket 71) They also were involved in the additional console editions of Higurashi produced by Alchemist: Higurashi no Naku Koro ni Matsuri for the PlayStation 2 and the Higurashi no Naku Koro ni Kizuna series for the Nintendo DS. Umineko no Naku Koro ni Legend of the golden witch — August 17, 2007 (Comiket 72) Turn of the golden witch — December 31, 2007 (Comiket 73) Banquet of the golden witch — August 15, 2008 (Comiket 74) 08 08 may refer to: * The year 2008, or any year ending with 08 * The month of August * The number 8 * Metropolitan Stockholm, and its calling code. A inhabitant of Stockholm can sometimes be called a "08", pronounced "O-Eight" (Swedish: nollĺtta). * WWE Smackdown Vs Raw 2008 * FIFA 08 * Madden 08 * NHL 08 * NBA 08 * PES 08 * The number of the French department Ardennes 08001 08001 is a world music project based in Barcelona. This project, conceived as a workshop or work in progress, is defined as a collective of musicians in constant change and evolution. It is opened to all artists from different parts of the World, who cross paths in El Raval, the most ethnically diverse neighbourhood of Barcelona. It has been 5 years since the inception of 08001, a number that refers to the first area code of Barcelona and also the one corresponding to the emblematic district of the Raval. The headquarters of the project is the 08001 studio, where all rehearsals and recording take place. It has been so since the very beginning as the idea was to forge and maintain a genuine sound. They continue to work slowly at “home”, which is where the best dishes are cooked. Over a dozen artists from different ethnicities and cultures pass through Julian’s studio to meet, find, try, taste, exchange, fuse, create and blend… resulting in a distinct and unmistakable 08 sound, which encompasses the essence of the surroundings. In 08001, bios and CVs don’t matter. What is important is the creativity and the music that flows free, full of life. The live staging combines a show which blends the performance of numerous artists together with a visual screen show. 08001’s made its debut in the very heart of district that saw their birth, during the Sónar, the International Advanced Music and Multimedia Art Festival in Barcelona. Right after, they embarked in an intense tournee around Spain and various parts of Europe, which spawned numerous reviews including coverage in Time magazine, which highlighted 08001 as one of the more interesting and prominent bands coming out of Spain at the moment. They also received the Impala award after selling over 30.000 units of their independently released first record Raval ta Joie. VORAGINE (WorkinProgress Records) is 08001’s new album, commercially released in record stores and iTunes since the end of June 2007. 0898 Beautiful South 0898 Beautiful South, released March 1992, was The Beautiful South's third album. The album reached number 4 on the UK charts, unlike their previous two albums which reached number 2; the record company blamed this on the cover which showed ladies' faces on the back of terrapins' shells. The full title of the album is 0898 Beautiful South, but it is usually shortened to just 0898. The title is meant to be in the form of a telephone number. In the UK at the time, 0898 was a premium rate dialling code associated with sex hotlines, hence the cover. Inside, there were a number of illustrations by artist David Cutter, including a picture per song; these pictures were also used for the singles. Four singles were released from the album, two of them before it was released. Singles * Old Red Eyes is Back - Released: February 1992 position: 22 * We Are Each Other - Released: March 1992 position: 30 * Bell Bottomed Tear - Released: June 1992 position: 16 * 36D - Released: September 1992 Position: 46 Track listing 1. "Old Red Eyes Is Back" 2. "We Are Each Other" 3. "The Rocking Chair" 4. "We'll Deal With You Later" 5. "The Domino Man" 6. "36D" 7. "Here It is Again" 8. "Something That You Said" 9. "I'm Your No. 1 Fan" 10. "Bell Bottomed Tear" 11. "You Play Glockenspiel, I'll Play Drums" 12. "When I'm 84" French Limited Edition The first French edition distributed by Barclay contained two bonus tracks: 1. "His Time Ran Out" 2. "Danielle Steele (The Enemy Within)" 09 09 may refer to: * The year 2009, or any year ending with 09 * The month of September * The number 9 * Madden 09 * The number of the French department Aričge 09-15-2000, Brussels 09-15-2000, Brussels is a live album by the German avantgarde/experimental band Einstürzende Neubauten and was released in 2002. Track Listing Disc one 1. "Silence Is Sexy" - 6:41 2. "Sabrina" - 5:26 3. "Dingsaller" - 5:06 4. "Die Interimsliebenden" - 6:37 5. "Nnnaaammm" - 9:06 6. "Haus der Luge" - 3:57 7. "Zebulon" - 4:07 8. "Newton's Gravitatlichkeit" -2:46 9. "Zampano" - 5:17 10. "Ein Seltener Vogel" - 7:21 11. "Beauty" - 2:34 12. "Die Befindlichkeit des Landes" - 5:31 13. "Sonnenbarke" - 9:03 Disc two 1. "Der Schacht Von Babel" - 5:11 2. "Redukt" - 10:10 3. "Jubel" - 2:15 4. "Musentango" - 2:40 5. "Alles" - 5:53 6. "Ende Neu" - 8:06 7. "Yu Gung" - 6:56 8. "Installation No. 1" - 6:39 9. "Salamandrina" - 4:32 Notes Ein Seltener Vogel had never been played before this show, and "would probably never be played again", according to Blixa Bargeld during it's performance. The song would later turn up on the band's 2004 album Perpetuum Mobile. 09/14 2007 "09/14 2007" is an EP by French electro artist Danger on November 19, 2007. Track Listing 1. "11h30" - 3:40 2. "11h30 (DatA Remix)" - 4:31 3. "14h54" - 4:51 4. "19h11" - 5:54 09L 09L (pronounced "Zero Nine Lima") is a Military Occupational Specialty in the United States army involving translators/interpreters. History 09L began in February 2003 as a pilot program for recruiting Arabic, Dari Persian, and Pushto speakers. It became an official Military Occupational Specialty in February 2006. Current demand The languages/dialects needed are: * Arabic-Modern Standard * Arabic-Gulf-Iraqi * Arabic-Egyptian * Arabic-Jordanian * Arabic-Syrian * Arabic-Lebanese * Arabic-Yemeni * Arabic-Sudanese * Arabic-Maghrebi * Arabic-Algerian * Arabic-Libyan * Arabic-Moroccan * Arabic-Tunisian * Pushtu/Pashto/Pachto * Pushtu-Afghan * Kurdish * Kurmanji Kurdish * Sorani Kurdish * Dari Persian * Iranian Persian 0:12 Revolution in Just Listening 0:12 Revolution in Just Listening is the third and final studio album to be released by Missouri band Coalesce. Track listing 1. "What Happens On The Road Always Comes Home" – 3:05 2. "Cowards.com" – 2:26 3. "Burn Everything That Bears Our Name" – 2:24 4. "While The Jackass Operation Spins Its Wheels" – 2:22 5. "Sometimes Selling Out Is Waking Up" – 3:21 6. "Where The Hell Is Rick Thorne These Days?" – 1:56 7. "Jesus In The Year 2000/Next On the Shit List" – 2:57 8. "Counting Murders, Drinking Beer (The $46,000 Escape)" – 2:33 9. "They Always Come In Fall" – 2:49 0B 0B may refer to : * Blue Air (Romania) IATA airline designator 0b may refer to : * a prefix denoting a binary numeral system 0DFx 0DFx (also known as Zero Defects or Zero Defex) was an American hardcore punk band. It was formed in Akron, Ohio in late 1981 by Tom Seiler of local punk group The Bursting Brains, Mick Hurray of the neo-surf group The Nelsons, and Jim Friend of V-Nervz, another local punk rock group. After trying out a few bassists, they appointed Brad Warner, who had been in a new wave group called Mmaxx, through an ad in a local rock paper. Warner remained a member of the group until its dissolution. 0DFx appeared on the Ohio-based punk rock compilation, The New Hope[1] and on the nationally released P.E.A.C.E./War compilation, which has remained in print since 1983. But they are most notable for their role as a precursor to Brad Warner's book, Hardcore Zen, as well as for Tommy "Strange" Seiler's later bands, the Ragged Bags, Strawman and Songs For Emma. Members * Jim Friend "Jimi Imij" (vocals) * Tom Seiler "Tommy Strange" (guitar, 1981-83) * Jeff Hardy "Jeffro Smull" (guitar, from 2005) * Mick Hurray "Mickey X-Nelson" (drums) * Brad Warner "Brad No Sweat" (bass) Short-term members * Alan Litt "Alan Nelson" (bass) * Franklin Tarver "Frank N. File" (bass) * John Despins "Johnny Phlegm" (bass) Discography * War Hero 7" EP (Get Revenge Records 016, 2007) o 1983 demo recording, 13 tracks o 500 pressed - first 100 on white vinyl, next 400 on black vinyl * Drop the A-Bomb 7" EP (Get Revenge Records 018, 2008) o 1982 demo recording * Zero Defex CD full length CD (0DFx Records 2008) o New recordings made in 2007-2008 o cover by Vince Rancid * Discography double CD (Get Revenge Records, 2008) o contains both previous EPs, a live set form 1982, 2005 re-recordings, and unreleased tracks Compilation appearances * The New Hope LP (New Hope Records 001, 1983) o Songs - Drop The A-Bomb On Me / By The Day / Oppression / No More * P.E.A.C.E./War double LP (RRadical Records, 1983) o Song - Drop The A-Bomb On Me 0 (number) "Zero" redirects here. For other uses, see Zero (disambiguation). Nought redirects here. The Rogue Trooper series character is spelled Nort. 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ? List of numbers — Integers 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 ? Cardinal 0, zero, "oh" (IPA: [o?]), nought, naught, ought, nil, null Ordinal 0th, zeroth Factorization 0 Divisors all numbers Roman numeral N/A Arabic 0 Bengali 0 Devana-gari- 0 Chinese [0],? Japanese numeral [0],? Khmer 0 Thai 0 Binary 0 Octal 0 Duodecimal 0 Hexadecimal 0 0 (zero) is both a number and the numerical digit used to represent that number in numerals. It plays a central role in mathematics as the additive identity of the integers, real numbers, and many other algebraic structures. As a digit, zero is used as a placeholder in place value systems. In the English language, zero may also be called oh, null, nil or naught. 0 as a number 0 is the integer preceding 1. In most systems, 0 was identified before the idea of 'negative integers' was accepted. Zero is an even number.[2] 0 is neither positive nor negative. Zero is a number which quantifies a count or an amount of null size; that is, if the number of your brothers is zero, that means the same thing as having no brothers, and if something has a weight of zero, it has no weight. If the difference between the number of pieces in two piles is zero, it means the two piles have an equal number of pieces. Before counting starts, the result can be assumed to be zero; that is the number of items counted before you count the first item and counting the first item brings the result to one. And if there are no items to be counted, zero remains the final result. Almost all historians omit the year zero from the proleptic Gregorian and Julian calendars, but astronomers include it in these same calendars. However, the phrase Year Zero may be used to describe any event considered so significant that it serves as a new base point in time. 0 as a digit The modern numerical digit 0 is usually written as a circle, an ellipse, or a rounded rectangle. In most modern typefaces, the height of the 0 character is the same as the other digits. However, in typefaces with text figures, the character is often less tall (x-height). On the seven-segment displays of calculators, watches, and household appliances, 0 is usually written with six line segments, though on some historical calculator models it was written with four line segments. The value, or number, zero is not the same as the digit zero, used in numeral systems using positional notation. Successive positions of digits have higher weights, so inside a numeral the digit zero is used to skip a position and give appropriate weights to the preceding and following digits. A zero digit is not always necessary in a positional number system, for example, in the number 02. Distinguishing the digit 0 from the letter O A comparison of the letter O and the number 0. Traditionally, many print typefaces made the capital letter O more rounded than narrower, oval digit 0. Typewriters originally made no distinction in shape between O and 0; some models did not even have a separate key for the digit 0. The distinction came into prominence on modern character displays. The digit 0 with a dot in the centre seems to have originated as an option on IBM 3270 displays. Its appearance has continued with the Microsoft Windows typeface Andalé Mono. One variation used a short vertical bar instead of the dot. This could be confused with the Greek letter Theta on a badly focused display, but in practice there was no confusion because theta was not (then) a displayable character and very little used anyway. An alternative, the slashed zero (looking similar to the letter O except for the slash), was primarily used in hand-written coding sheets before transcription to punched cards or tape, and is also used in old-style ASCII graphic sets descended from the default typewheel on the ASR-33 Teletype. This form is similar to the symbol \emptyset, or "?" (Unicode character U+2205), representing the empty set, as well as to the letter Ř used in several Scandinavian languages. The opposing convention that has the letter O with a slash and the digit 0 without was advocated by SHARE, a prominent IBM user group, and recommended by IBM for writing FORTRAN programs, and by a few other early mainframe makers; this is even more problematic for Scandinavians because it means two of their letters collide. Others advocated the opposite convention, including IBM for writing Algol programs. Some Burroughs/Unisys equipment displays a digit 0 with a reversed slash. Another convention used on some early line printers left digit 0 unornamented but added a tail or hook to the capital O so that it resembled an inverted Q or cursive capital letter-O (\mathcal O). Some fonts designed for use with computers made one of the capital-O–digit-0 pair more rounded and the other more angular (closer to a rectangle). The Texas Instruments TI-99/4A computer featured a more angular capital O and a more rounded digit 0, whereas others made the choice the other way around. German license plate with slitted zeros. The typeface used on most European vehicle registration plates distinguishes the two symbols partially in this manner (having a more rectangular or wider shape for the capital O than the digit 0), but in several countries a further distinction is made by slitting open the digit 0 on the upper right side (as in German plates using the fälschungserschwerende Schrift, "harder-to-falsify script"). Typefaces used on United Kingdom plates do not differentiate between the two as there can never be any ambiguity if the design is correctly spaced (the vehicle "numbers" are allocated in a manner that avoids any such confusion). The same applies to postal codes in the United Kingdom. Sometimes the digit 0 is used either exclusively, or not at all, to avoid confusion altogether. For example, confirmation numbers used by Southwest Airlines use only the capital letters O and I instead of the digits 0 and 1, while Canadian postal codes use only the digits 1 and 0 and never the capital letters O and I, although letters and numbers always alternate. Etymology The word "zero" came via French zéro from Venetian zero, which (together with cipher) came via Italian zefiro from Arabic , s.afira = "it was empty", s.ifr = "zero", "nothing", which was used to translate Sanskrit s'u-nya , meaning void or empty. Italian zefiro already meant "west wind" from Latin and Greek zephyrus; this may have influenced the spelling when transcribing Arabic s,ifr. The Italian mathematician Fibonacci (c.1170-1250), who grew up in Arab North Africa and is credited with introducing the Hindu decimal system to Europe, used the term zephyrum. This became zefiro in Italian, which was contracted to zero in Venetian, the modern English word. As the Hindu decimal zero and its new mathematics spread from the Arab world to Europe in the Middle Ages, words derived from s.ifr and zephyrus came to refer to calculation, as well as to privileged knowledge and secret codes. According to Ifrah, "in thirteenth-century Paris, a 'worthless fellow' was called a "... cifre en algorisme", i.e., an "arithmetical nothing". From s.ifr also came French chiffre = "digit", "figure", "number", chiffrer = "to calculate or compute", chiffré = "encrypted". Today, the word in Arabic is still s.ifr, and cognates of s.ifr are common in the languages of Europe and southwest Asia. History Early history By the middle of the 2nd millennium BC, the Babylonian mathematics had a sophisticated sexagesimal positional numeral system. The lack of a positional value (or zero) was indicated by a space between sexagesimal numerals. By 300 BC, a punctuation symbol (two slanted wedges) was co-opted as a placeholder in the same Babylonian system. In a tablet unearthed at Kish (dating from about 700 BC), the scribe Bęl-bân-aplu wrote his zeros with three hooks, rather than two slanted wedges.[6] The Babylonian placeholder was not a true zero because it was not used alone. Nor was it used at the end of a number. Thus numbers like 2 and 120 (2×60), 3 and 180 (3×60), 4 and 240 (4×60), looked the same because the larger numbers lacked a final sexagesimal placeholder. Only context could differentiate them. Records show that the ancient Greeks seemed unsure about the status of zero as a number. They asked themselves, "How can nothing be something?", leading to philosophical and, by the Medieval period, religious arguments about the nature and existence of zero and the vacuum. The paradoxes of Zeno of Elea depend in large part on the uncertain interpretation of zero. The concept of zero as a number and not merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India where by the 9th century CE practical calculations were carried out using zero, which was treated like any other number, even in case of division. The Indian scholar Pingala (circa 5th-2nd century BC) used binary numbers in the form of short and long syllables (the latter equal in length to two short syllables), making it similar to Morse code. He and his contemporary Indian scholars used the Sanskrit word s'u-nya to refer to zero or void. History of zero The back of Olmec Stela C from Tres Zapotes, the second oldest Long Count date yet discovered. The numerals 7.16.6.16.18 translate to September, 32 BC (Julian). The glyphs surrounding the date are thought to be one of the few surviving examples of Epi-Olmec script. The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar developed in south-central Mexico required the use of zero as a place-holder within its vigesimal (base-20) positional numeral system. Many different glyphs, including this partial quatrefoil—Image:MAYA-g-num-0-inc-v1.svg—were used as a zero symbol for these Long Count dates, the earliest of which (on Stela 2 at Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas) has a date of 36 BC. Since the eight earliest Long Count dates appear outside the Maya homeland, it is assumed that the use of zero in the Americas predated the Maya and was possibly the invention of the Olmecs. Many of the earliest Long Count dates were found within the Olmec heartland, although the Olmec civilization ended by the 4th century BC, several centuries before the earliest known Long Count dates. Although zero became an integral part of Maya numerals, it did not influence Old World numeral systems. The use of a blank on a counting board to represent 0 dated back in India to 4th century BC. In China, counting rods were used for calculation since the 4th century BCE. Chinese mathematicians understood negative numbers and zero, though they had no symbol for the latter, until the work of Song Dynasty mathematician Qin Jiushao in 1247 established a symbol for zero in China. The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art, which was mainly composed in the 1st century CE, stated "[when subtracting] subtract same signed numbers, add differently signed numbers, subtract a positive number from zero to make a negative number, and subtract a negative number from zero to make a positive number. By 130, Ptolemy, influenced by Hipparchus and the Babylonians, was using a symbol for zero (a small circle with a long overbar) within a sexagesimal numeral system otherwise using alphabetic Greek numerals. Because it was used alone, not just as a placeholder, this Hellenistic zero was perhaps the first documented use of a number zero in the Old World. However, the positions were usually limited to the fractional part of a number (called minutes, seconds, thirds, fourths, etc.)—they were not used for the integral part of a number. In later Byzantine manuscripts of Ptolemy's Syntaxis Mathematica (also known as the Almagest), the Hellenistic zero had morphed into the Greek letter omicron (otherwise meaning 70). Another zero was used in tables alongside Roman numerals by 525 (first known use by Dionysius Exiguus), but as a word, nulla meaning "nothing," not as a symbol. When division produced zero as a remainder, nihil, also meaning "nothing," was used. These medieval zeros were used by all future medieval computists (calculators of Easter). An isolated use of the initial, N, was used in a table of Roman numerals by Bede or a colleague about 725, a zero symbol. In 498 AD, Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata stated that "Sthanam sthanam dasa gunam" or place to place in ten times in value, which may be the origin of the modern decimal-based place value notation. The oldest known text to use a decimal place-value system, including a zero, is the Jain text from India entitled the Lokavibhâga, dated 458 AD. This text uses Sanskrit numeral words for the digits, with words such as the Sanskrit word for void for zero (see also the section Etymology above). The first known use of special glyphs for the decimal digits that includes the indubitable appearance of a symbol for the digit zero, a small circle, appears on a stone inscription found at the Chaturbhuja Temple at Gwalior in India, dated 876 CE. There are many documents on copper plates, with the same small o in them, dated back as far as the sixth century AD, but their authenticity may be doubted.[22] The Indian numerals and the positional number system were introduced to the Islamic civilization by Al-Khwarizmi, the founder of several branches and basic concepts of mathematics. Al-Khwarizmi's book on arithmetic synthesized Greek and Hindu knowledge and also contained his own fundamental contribution to mathematics and science including an explanation of the use of zero. It was only centuries later, in the 12th century, that the Indian numeral system was introduced to the Western world through Latin translations of his Arithmetic. Rules of Brahmagupta The rules governing the use of zero appeared for the first time in Brahmagupta's book Brahmasputha Siddhanta (The Opening of the Universe), written in 628. Here Brahmagupta considers not only zero, but negative numbers, and the algebraic rules for the elementary operations of arithmetic with such numbers. In some instances, his rules differ from the modern standard. Here are the rules of Brahmagupta: * The sum of zero and a negative number is negative. * The sum of zero and a positive number is positive. * The sum of zero and zero is zero. * The sum of a positive and a negative is their difference; or, if they are equal, zero. * A positive or negative number when divided by zero is a fraction with the zero as denominator. * Zero divided by a negative or positive number is either zero or is expressed as a fraction with zero as numerator and the finite quantity as denominator. * Zero divided by zero is zero. In saying zero divided by zero is zero, Brahmagupta differs from the modern position. Mathematicians normally do not assign a value, whereas computers and calculators sometimes assign NaN, which means "not a number". Moreover, non-zero positive or negative numbers when divided by zero are either assigned no value, or a value of unsigned infinity, positive infinity, or negative infinity. Once again, these assignments are not numbers, and are associated more with computer science than pure mathematics, where in most contexts no assignment is done. Zero as a decimal digit Positional notation without the use of zero (using an empty space in tabular arrangements, or the word kha "emptiness") is known to have been in use in India from the 6th century. The earliest certain use of zero as a decimal positional digit dates to the 9th century. The glyph for the zero digit was written in the shape of a dot, and consequently called bindu ("dot"). The dot had been used in Greece during earlier ciphered numeral periods. The Indian numeral system (base 10) reached Europe in the 11th century, via the Iberian Peninsula through Spanish Muslims the Moors, together with knowledge of astronomy and instruments like the astrolabe, first imported by Gerbert of Aurillac. For this reason, the numerals came to be known in Europe as "Arabic numerals". The Italian mathematician Fibonacci or Leonardo of Pisa was instrumental in bringing the system into European mathematics in 1202, stating: After my father's appointment by his homeland as state official in the customs house of Bugia for the Pisan merchants who thronged to it, he took charge; and in view of its future usefulness and convenience, had me in my boyhood come to him and there wanted me to devote myself to and be instructed in the study of calculation for some days. There, following my introduction, as a consequence of marvelous instruction in the art, to the nine digits of the Hindus, the knowledge of the art very much appealed to me before all others, and for it I realized that all its aspects were studied in Egypt, Syria, Greece, Sicily, and Provence, with their varying methods; and at these places thereafter, while on business. I pursued my study in depth and learned the give-and-take of disputation. But all this even, and the algorism, as well as the art of Pythagoras, I considered as almost a mistake in respect to the method of the Hindus (Modus Indorum). Therefore, embracing more stringently that method of the Hindus, and taking stricter pains in its study, while adding certain things from my own understanding and inserting also certain things from the niceties of Euclid's geometric art. I have striven to compose this book in its entirety as understandably as I could, dividing it into fifteen chapters. Almost everything which I have introduced I have displayed with exact proof, in order that those further seeking this knowledge, with its pre-eminent method, might be instructed, and further, in order that the Latin people might not be discovered to be without it, as they have been up to now. If I have perchance omitted anything more or less proper or necessary, I beg indulgence, since there is no one who is blameless and utterly provident in all things. The nine Indian figures are: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1. With these nine figures, and with the sign 0 ... any number may be written. Here Leonardo of Pisa uses the word sign "0", indicating it is like a sign to do operations like addition or multiplication. From the 13th century, manuals on calculation (adding, multiplying, extracting roots, etc.) became common in Europe where they were called algorimus after the Persian mathematician al-Khwarizmi. The most popular was written by John of Sacrobosco about 1235 and was one of the earliest scientific books to be printed in 1488. Until the late 15th century, Hindu-Arabic numerals seem to have predominated among mathematicians, while merchants preferred to use the Roman numerals. In the 16th century, they became commonly used in Europe. In mathematics Elementary algebra The number 0 is the least non-negative integer. The natural number following 0 is 1 and no natural number precedes 0. The number 0 may or may not be considered a natural number, but it is a whole number and hence a rational number and a real number (as well as an algebraic number and a complex number). The number 0 is neither positive nor negative, neither a prime number nor a composite number, nor is it a unit. It is, however, even (see evenness of zero). The following are some basic (elementary) rules for dealing with the number 0. These rules apply for any real or complex number x, unless otherwise stated. * Addition: x + 0 = 0 + x = x. That is, 0 is an identity element (or neutral element) with respect to addition. * Subtraction: x - 0 = x and 0 - x = - x. * Multiplication: x · 0 = 0 · x = 0. * Division: 0/x = 0, for nonzero x. But x/0 is undefined, because 0 has no multiplicative inverse, a consequence of the previous rule; see division by zero. In the real numbers, for positive x, as y in x/y approaches 0 from the positive side, the quotient increases indefinitely toward positive infinity, but as y approaches 0 from the negative side, the quotient tends toward negative infinity. * Exponentiation: x0 = 1, except that the case x = 0 may be left undefined in some contexts; see Zero to the zero power. For all positive real x, 0x = 0. The expression 0/0, which may be obtained in an attempt to determine the limit of an expression of the form f(x)/g(x) as a result of applying the lim operator independently to both operands of the fraction, is a so-called "indeterminate form". That does not simply mean that the limit sought is necessarily undefined; rather, it means that the limit of f(x)/g(x), if it exists, must be found by another method, such as l'Hôpital's rule. The sum of 0 numbers is 0, and the product of 0 numbers is 1. The factorial 0! evaluates to 1. Other branches of mathematics * In set theory, 0 is the cardinality of the empty set: if one does not have any apples, then one has 0 apples. In fact, in certain axiomatic developments of mathematics from set theory, 0 is defined to be the empty set. When this is done, the empty set is the Von Neumann cardinal assignment for a set with no elements, which is the empty set. The cardinality function, applied to the empty set, returns the empty set as a value, thereby assigning it 0 elements. * Also in set theory, 0 is the least ordinal number, corresponding to the empty set viewed as a well-ordered set. * In propositional logic, 0 may be used to denote the truth value false. * In abstract algebra, 0 is commonly used to denote a zero element, which is a neutral element for addition (if defined on the structure under consideration) and an absorbing element for multiplication (if defined). * In lattice theory, 0 may denote the bottom element of a bounded lattice. * In category theory, 0 is sometimes used to denote an initial object of a category. Other uses of zero in mathematics * A zero of a function f is a point x in the domain of the function such that f(x) = 0. When there are finitely many zeros these are called the roots of the function. See also zero (complex analysis) for zeros of a holomorphic function. * The zero function (or zero map) on a domain D is the constant function with 0 as its only possible output value, i.e., the function f defined by f(x) = 0 for all x in D. A particular zero function is a zero morphism in category theory; e.g., a zero map is the identity in the additive group of functions. The determinant on non-invertible square matrices is a zero map. In science Physics The value zero plays a special role for many physical quantities. For some quantities, the zero level is naturally distinguished from all other levels, whereas for others it is more or less arbitrarily chosen. For example, on the Kelvin temperature scale, zero is the coldest possible temperature (negative temperatures exist but are not actually colder), whereas on the Celsius scale, zero is arbitrarily defined to be at the freezing point of water. Measuring sound intensity in decibels or phons, the zero level is arbitrarily set at a reference value—for example, at a value for the threshold of hearing. In physics, the zero-point energy is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical physical system may possess and is the energy of the ground state of the system. Chemistry Zero has been proposed as the atomic number of the theoretical element tetraneutron. It has been shown that a cluster of four neutrons may be stable enough to be considered an atom in its own right. This would create an element with no protons and no charge on its nucleus. As early as 1926, Professor Andreas von Antropoff coined the term neutronium for a conjectured form of matter made up of neutrons with no protons, which he placed as the chemical element of atomic number zero at the head of his new version of the periodic table. It was subsequently placed as a noble gas in the middle of several spiral representations of the periodic system for classifying the chemical elements. It is at the centre of the Chemical Galaxy (2005).. In computer science Numbering from 1 or 0?... The most common practice throughout human history has been to start counting at one. Nevertheless, in computer science zero is often used as the starting point. For example, in almost all old programming languages, an array starts from 1 by default. As programming languages have developed, it has become more common that an array starts from zero by default, the "first" index in the array being 0. In particular, the popularity of the C programming language in the 1980s has made this approach common. One advantage of this convention is in the use of modular arithmetic. Every integer is congruent modulo N to one of the numbers 0, 1, 2, ..., N-1, where N ? 1. Because of this, many arithmetic concepts (such as hash tables) are more elegantly expressed in code when the array starts at zero. A second advantage of zero-based array indexes is that this can improve efficiency under certain circumstances. To illustrate, suppose a is the memory address of the first element of an array, and i is the index of the desired element. In this fairly typical scenario, it is quite common to want the address of the desired element. If the index numbers count from 1, the desired address is computed by this expression: a + s \times (i-1) \,\! where s is the size of each element. In contrast, if the index numbers count from 0, the expression becomes this: a + s \times i \,\! This simpler expression can be more efficient to compute in certain situations. Note, however, that a language wishing to index arrays from 1 could simply adopt the convention that every "array address" is represented by a' = a - s; that is, rather than using the address of the first array element, such a language would use the address of an imaginary element located immediately before the first actual element. The indexing expression for a 1-based index would be the following: a' + s \times i \,\! Hence, the efficiency benefit of zero-based indexing is not inherent, but is an artifact of the decision to represent an array by the address of its first element. A third advantage is that ranges are more elegantly expressed as the half-open interval, [0,n), as opposed to the closed interval, [1,n], because empty ranges often occur as input to algorithms (which would be tricky to express with the closed interval without resorting to obtuse conventions like [1,0]). On the other hand, closed intervals occur in mathematics because it is often necessary to calculate the terminating condition (which would be impossible in some cases because the half-open interval isn't always a closed set) which would have a subtraction by 1 everywhere. This situation can lead to some confusion in terminology. In a zero-based indexing scheme, the first element is "element number zero"; likewise, the twelfth element is "element number eleven". Therefore, an analogy from the ordinal numbers to the quantity of objects numbered appears; the highest index of n objects will be (n-1) and referred to the n:th element. For this reason, the first element is often referred to as the zeroth element to eliminate any possible doubt (though, strictly speaking, this is unnecessary and arguably incorrect, since the meanings of the ordinal numbers are not ambiguous). Null value In databases a field can have a null value. This is equivalent to the field not having a value. For numeric fields it is not the value zero. For text fields this is not blank nor the empty string. The presence of null values leads to three-valued logic. No longer is a condition either true or false, but it can be undetermined. Any computation including a null value delivers a null result. Asking for all records with value 0 or value not equal 0 will not yield all records, since the records with value null are excluded. Null pointer A null pointer is a pointer in a computer program that does not point to any object or function. In C, the integer constant 0 is converted into the null pointer at compile time when it appears in a pointer context, and so 0 is a standard way to refer to the null pointer in code. However, the internal representation of the null pointer may be any bit pattern (possibly different values for different data types), and has no particular association with zero. (Note that on most common architectures, the null pointer is represented internally by the integer 0, so C compilers on such systems perform no actual conversion.) Negative zero Main article: -0 (number) In mathematics - 0 = 0 = + 0, both -0 and +0 represent the exact same number, i.e., there is no “negative zero” distinct from zero. In some signed number representations (but not the two's complement representation used to represent integers in most computers today) and most floating point number representations, zero has two distinct representations, one grouping it with the positive numbers and one with the negatives; this latter representation is known as negative zero. In other fields International maritime signal flag for 0 * In some countries and some company phone networks, dialing 0 on a telephone places a call for operator assistance. * In Braille, the numeral 0 has the same dot configuration as the letter J. * DVDs that can be played in any region are sometimes referred to as being "region 0" * In classical music, 0 is very rarely used as a number for a composition: Anton Bruckner wrote a Symphony No. 0 in D minor and a Symphony No. 00; Alfred Schnittke also wrote a Symphony No. 0. * Roulette wheels usually feature a "0" space (and sometimes also a "00" space), whose presence is ignored when calculating payoffs (thereby allowing the house to win in the long run). * A chronological prequel of a series may be numbered as 0. * In Formula One, if the reigning World Champion no longer competes in Formula One in the year following their victory in the title race, 0 is given to one of the drivers of the team that the reigning champion won the title with. This happened in 1993 and 1994, with Damon Hill driving car 0, due to the reigning World Champion (Nigel Mansell and Alain Prost respectively) not competing in the championship. * In the educational series Schoolhouse Rock!, the song My Hero, Zero is about the use of zero as a placeholder. The song explains that by appending zeros to a number, it is multiplied by 10 for each one added. This enables mathematicians to create numbers as large as needed. Quotations The importance of the creation of the zero mark can never be exaggerated. This giving to airy nothing, not merely a local habitation and a name, a picture, a symbol, but helpful power, is the characteristic of the Hindu race from whence it sprang. It is like coining the Nirvana into dynamos. No single mathematical creation has been more potent for the general on-go of intelligence and power. G.B. Halsted Dividing by zero...allows you to prove, mathematically, anything in the universe. You can prove that 1+1=42, and from there you can prove that J. Edgar Hoover is a space alien, that William Shakespeare came from Uzbekistan, or even that the sky is polka-dotted. (See appendix A for a proof that Winston Churchill was a carrot.) Charles Seife, from: Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea ...a profound and important idea which appears so simple to us now that we ignore its true merit. But its very simplicity and the great ease which it lent to all computations put our arithmetic in the first rank of useful inventions. Pierre-Simon Laplace The point about zero is that we do not need to use it in the operations of daily life. No one goes out to buy zero fish. It is in a way the most civilized of all the cardinals, and its use is only forced on us by the needs of cultivated modes of thought. Alfred North Whitehead ...a fine and wonderful refuge of the divine spirit – almost an amphibian between being and non-being. Gottfried Leibniz 0 + 2 = 1 0 + 2 = 1 is the fifth full-length album by Nomeansno. Track listing 1. "Now" - 5:08 2. "The Fall" - 5:28 3. "0 + 2 = 1" - 4:46 4. "The Valley Of The Blind" - 2:52 5. "Mary" - 6:04 6. "Everyday I Start To Ooze" - 4:32 7. "When Putting It All In Order Ain't Enough" - 2:51 8. "The Night Nothing Became Everything" - 1:25 9. "I Think You Know" - 1:58 10. "Ghosts" - 7:55 11. "Joyful Reunion" - 3:56 Personnel * David Bruce - Artwork * Brian (Who) Else - Engineering * Cecil English - Producer, Engineering * Mr. Happy - Guitar * George Horn - Mastering * Andy Kerr - Guitar, Bass, Vocals * John Wright (Mr. Right) - Vocals, Drums, Keyboards, Procussion, Engineering * Rob Wright (Mr. Wrong) - Vocals, Bass, Guitar 0 A.D. (game) 0 A.D. is a historical real-time strategy freeware game, published by Wildfire Games. It will focus on the years between 500 B.C. and 500 A.D. 0 A.D. will be released in two parts: the first will cover the 500 B.C.—1 B.C. period; and the second will span from 1 A.D. to 500 A.D. It has been in development since 2000, with actual work on building the game starting in 2003. The game is notable because it is aiming to be entirely freeware, meaning the developers do not get paid for their work, nor will they charge for their product. When the game is finished, it will be available for download on the internet. Origins The concept behind 0 A.D. has been in the works since fall of 2000. Gamers from the Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings Tonto Clan came together to form concepts and ideas for a Age of Empires: The Rise of Rome remake. They intended to compile their ideas, and send their proposal to Ensemble Studios, the creators of the Age of Empires series. However, their idea was waylaid, due to Ensemble Studios' plans to make a mythology-based RTS (Age of Mythology). At the same time, there was another group, called Wildfire Games, that was undertaking a mod called "Age of Empires II: Rome at War". The production of the mod began in January of 2001, and was completed in June of that same year. Because of the success of the mod, Wildfire Studios began to undertake a total conversion modification. However, much of the Age of Empires II community began playing newer games. This almost led the 0 A.D. team to disband the project and the mod team when a new impulse came. Firstly a fantasy modding project (now a game project called The Last Alliance - also under production by Wildfire Games) began investigating the possibility of creating their own game engine to support their mod and give them total freedom. Secondly a few members of the Tonto Clan inspired the team with moral support and a wealth of resources for a game design very similar to the core concept behind the modding project. Jason Bishop (known by his nickname Wijitmaker), the project leader behind the Rome at War mod, stepped up and took the mantle of leadership from the previous 0 A.D. leader, nicknamed Sud Commander. Thus, 0 A.D. the game was born in the winter of 2001/2002. The first six months were spent researching how to go about undertaking such a project. By that time others from the RTS community joined the team, capable of contributing to many areas of the project such as map making, scenario design, AI scripting, RMS scripting, and game design. Many hours of research have gone into the historical background behind the game. Graphic artists have spent the better part of 2 years honing their skills. The design of the game was scrutinised and debated for the better part of a year, but in the summer of 2003 a streamlined and conservative game design document was finalised. The programming department kicked into gear shortly afterwards. The project is currently being developed by game development hobbyists in a virtual team environment. The 0 A.D. staff is comprised of over 40 active members from countries all across the world with different backgrounds. Game content The 0 A.D. team aims to deliver an experience that is refreshingly innovative but at the same time familiar, focusing mostly on the military aspect of Real-Time Strategy. The game will pursue a strong sense of historical accuracy without damaging gameplay. It also aims for a high degree of replay ability by being easily moddable and the formation of a large online community. The player will have to build a city and an army following the rules of standard RTS games, collecting resources and constructing buildings. The game will include multiple units and buildings specific to each civilization. It will include both land and naval units. Civilizations * Carthaginians: will have the strongest navy in the game; the fiercest contenders on the high seas. They were also masters of naval trade, extending their trade routes even beyond the pillars of Hercules and circumnavigating Africa. They deployed towered War Elephants on the battlefield to fearsome effect. * Celts: The Britons and Gauls are the antithesis of the rigid organization of Rome. A fierce horde of woad-painted Celtic warriors charging across the plains was a fearsome sight. They considered the bow and other ranged arms to be a weapon of cowards, and excel in hand-to-hand combat. Not known for their machines of war, they have minimal navy and siege. They construct mostly wooden buildings, which are fast and inexpensive to construct, though far less robust than their stone counterparts. * Hellenes: Controlling the representatives from the Hellenic region, the player has the power of Sparta, Athens and Macedonia at his command. As the forebearers of philosophy, democracy, geometry, and Hellenistic art and architecture, they are considered to be civic minded. However, do not discount the strength of their stone structures, the resolve of a Hoplite in phalanx formation, or their historic ability to steal victory against seemingly insurmountable odds. * Iberians: The Iberians were fathers of the art of guerilla warfare, capable of lightning strikes against an opponent and withdrawing before he can mass an offensive. Their foot units are some of the fastest and most rapid-firing in the game, particularly their Balearic Slingers. A number of their ranged units also have the unique ability to fire flaming missiles. Toledo steel grants them superior metal weaponry. * Persians: The Persian Empire is the most cosmopolitan civilization, levying a wide variety of troops from their vassal satrapies. Their infantry are weak and poorly-equipped, little more than cannon fodder, but can be massed in vast numbers. They have the strongest (though most expensive) cavalry in the game, and are the only civilization that features all forms of cavalry, including the fearsome cavalry archer. Their cavalry is equally exotic, including camelry, mahout elephants, and scythed chariots. They are known for their lavish wealth, grand architecture and strong trade empire through the Silk Road. * Romans: The great conquering imperial powerhouse that swept across Europe, the western shores of the Mediterranean and North Africa in its early days as a Republic. The Romans are notable for their regimented military, powerful siege engines, broad range of naval vessels, politics, and ability to adapt. Buildings Each civilization's buildings will look unique, as well as be in their native language. * Civilization Center: Civilization Centers, or Civ Centers, in 0 A.D. serve as a "command center". Building new adds economic and population bonuses as well as increased build limits for structures. It also trains both female citizens and male citizen-soldiers, who both gather resources. All Civ Centers have an "aura" radius that allows units to gather within a certain distance from it. * Fortress: Fortresses, such as the Roman Oppidum, train super units and civilization specific heroes. * Mill: Like the civilization center, mills have an "aura" radius that allows units to gather within a certain distance. * Health Center: Units that are close to the health center will regenerate faster then normal, and even faster if garrisoned inside. It also allow trains a civilization's unique healing unit. * House: Houses gives extra population bonuses. * Markets: Markets allow resources to be bartered for other resources and trade routes to be set up between the player's different provinces and allies. * Military Center: Military centers, such as the Iberian Cuartel, train military units. * Walls/Gates: A wall does not permit passage of enemy units. In 0 a.d, walls will not be walkable by units, however, they may be walkable in future expansions. Gates allow allied units to pass through walls. * Scout Tower: Scout towers give a large line of sight (LOS) and can attack enemy units. More LOS is added when a unit is garrisoned inside. * Special: All civilizations will have one to two unique buildings that trains its super units, or serves another purpose. In future Expansion Packs, the development team hopes to expand the number of available cultures by incorporating additional civilizations from 1 A.D. to 500 A.D. The list will not be finalised until the first edition has gone gold, but possible civilizations include the Germanic peoples, Sarmatians, Eastern Rome, Parthians, Huns, Dacians, and Imperial Rome. Release Date The Game is still under development as of September 2008 and no release date has been set. However, when it is finished it will be available as a free download. 0 Avenue 0 Avenue is a road in southwestern British Columbia. It runs along the US-Canada border from Peace Arch Park in Surrey to Abbotsford, where it terminates. 0 Series Shinkansen The 0 Series Shinkansen were the first trainsets built to run on Japan's new high speed rail network, and are therefore still the image of the Shinkansen in the minds of most non-Japanese because of all the publicity they received when the first Shinkansen line began operation in 1964. The 0 series (which were not originally so classed; there was no need to distinguish classes of trainset until later) entered service with the start of To-kaido- Shinkansen operations in 1964. These units were white with a blue stripe along the windows and another at the bottom of the car body, including the front pilot. All of the remaining six Series 0 bullet train sets will be withdrawn from Kodama service after their runs on November 30, 2008. JR West will then run special Hikari services on December 6, 13 and 14 to officially retire the train. 0 Series History Unlike previous Japanese trains, the To-kaido- Shinkansen and all subsequent Shinkansen were standard gauge (1,435 mm, 4'8˝" between the rails). The trains are all powered by 25 kV AC electricity at 60 Hz. On the 0 series, all axles of all cars are powered by 185 kW traction motors; this is sufficient for a 220 km/h (136 mph) top speed. The original trains were 12-car sets; some subsequent sets were 16 cars. Later, shorter trains of 6 cars and even 4 cars were assembled for lesser duties. Production of 0 series units continued from 1963 until 1986. Existence as a Shinkansen train is tough; though most rail equipment has a service life of thirty or more years, Shinkansen sets are retired after fifteen, and they are generally removed from service after that point. All 0 series cars are now past fifteen years of service; therefore, few are left. The only 0 series sets now in use are 6 car sets used on JR West Kodama services between Shin-Osaka and Hakata, and on the Hakata Minami Line, which is technically not a Shinkansen line. Outside Japan, the leading vehicle from a 0 series set can be found at the British National Railway Museum in York. It was donated to the museum by the JR West company in 2001. 0s This article is about the period 1–9 AD, the first nine years of the 1st century. Note that there is no year zero (0) in either the proleptic Gregorian calendar or the Julian calendar. Hence 1 AD was preceded by the year 1 BC. Events and trends * 1 — Lions became extinct in Western Europe * Quirinius becomes a chief advisor to Gaius in Armenia. Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus whose father Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus had served as Consul in 16 BC also serves in the Armenia campaigns. * The Aqua Alsienta aqueduct is constructed. * Tiberius, under order of Augustus, quells revolts in Germania (1–5). * Gaius Caesar and Lucius Aemilius Paullus are appointed as consuls. * Gaius Caesar is appointed to a military command in Armenia with Marcus Herennius Picens serving in his place as consul. * Gaius Caesar marries Livilla, daughter of Antonia Minor and Nero Claudius Drusus, in an effort to gain prestige. Significant people * Jesus, central figure of Christianity (or 0s BC) * Caesar Augustus, Roman Emperor (27 BC–14) * Arminius, German war chief 0s AH 0s AH is a year in the Islamic calendar that corresponds to X – X CE. Events * 2 AH Battle of Badr 0s BC This article concerns the period 9 BC – 1 BC, the last nine years of the 1st century BC. Note that there is no year zero (0) in either the proleptic Gregorian calendar or Julian calendar. Hence 1 BC is followed by the year AD 1. AD 1 is the first year of the Anno Domini era and of the Common Era. In 525 (the consulship of Probus Junior [Flavius Probus]), a Christian monk named Dionysius Exiguus stated that the incarnation of Jesus occurred 525 years earlier. Whether Dionysius regarded "incarnation" as Jesus' birth or conception, and whether Dionysius placed it in 1 BC or AD 1 are debated by modern scholars. Nevertheless, these same scholars believe Jesus was actually born a few years earlier, during this decade. Events and trends * Mithradatkirt, the Parthian capital, is totally destroyed by an earthquake sometime in this decade. Significant people * Caesar Augustus, Roman Emperor (27 BC – AD 14) * Jesus, central figure of Christianity (8-2 BC – AD 29-36) * Arminius, German war chief 0verflow 0verflow (O-ba-furo) is an Eroge brand operated by Japanese software company Stack Corporation. This company is known for the visual novel title, School Days. Games * November 26, 1999: Large PONPON (PONPON, Ra-ji Ponpon) * August 25, 2000: PureMail * April 27, 2001: 0vereflow Pleasure Box (O-ba-furo- Pureja- Bokkusu) * December 28, 2001: Snow Radish Vacation (Snow Radisshu Bake-shon) * December 27, 2002: Let's go for the little sister! (Imo-to de Ikou!) * April 1, 2003: Summer Radish Vacation!! (Summer Radisshu Bake-shon!!) * December 28, 2003: Magical Unity (Majikaru Yuniti) * April 30, 2004: MISS EACH OTHER * October 15, 2004: LOST M * April 28, 2005: School Days * January 27, 2006: 0verflow Premium Trilogy Box (O-ba-furo- Premiamu Toriroji- Bokkusu) * June 23, 2006: Summer Days * February 27, 2009: Cross Days 0x80 0x80 is a hacker interviewed by Brian Krebs of the Washington Post about his lucrative business in running "botnets", or networks of remotely controlled personal computers without the owner's consent. The article in the 2006 February 19 Washington Post detailed 0x80's earnings of around $US 6,800 a month sending out spam from controlled personal computers. He does this by installing spyware called "adware" in exchange for a per-computer commission. 0x80 agreed to be interviewed for the Post article under the condition that he not be identified by name or home town. After a link to the article on Slashdot, a reader used the IPTC information encoded into the image to learn that Roland, Oklahoma had been entered as the picture's location. The Washington Post removed all of the images from their site and commented "As you know we take our obligations with sources very seriously and I don't want to comment about any speculation about sources" in response to an interview question asking "Are you aware that the Post failed to scrub the metadata from the images used in this article, leaving information about your town?" (question text edited by the Washington Post; original is not available).